Abstract：
Background Stigma after Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) has been described as a significant obstacle for the recovery of survivors. Despite its theoretical and clinical relevance, studies dedicated to stigma after ABI are just starting to emerge. The goal of this systematic review was to integrate the existing scientific evidence and develop a model of stigma after brain injury that can guide interventions at different levels. Method Three electronic databases were employed. A search strategy was adapted for each database. Articles that explored stigma in adult ABI populations were included. All articles used quantitative, qualitative or mixed method designs and were published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results A total of 21 articles were selected. They considered three types of stigma after ABI: (1) self-stigma, (2) stigma-by-association and (3) public stigma. It was also found that information can be processed at implicit and explicit levels across all three forms of stigma. Definitions of each type of stigma used with ABIs are provided as well as related concepts and theoretical frameworks employed. Evidence emerging from different forms of stigma after ABI is summarised. Conclusion Research on stigma after ABI is heterogeneous, and existing studies have explored its impact at individual, family and public levels. A model of stigma after ABI should consider all these levels as well as the interactions that can occur between them. Future studies should explore how to incorporate stigma management as part of neuropsychological rehabilitation programs.
摘要：
背景获得性脑损伤（ABI）后的污名已被描述为幸存者康复的重要障碍。尽管它具有理论和临床相关性，致力于ABI后污名化的研究才刚刚开始出现。这项系统评价的目的是整合现有的科学证据，并建立一种脑损伤后污名模型，该模型可以指导不同级别的干预措施。方法采用三个电子数据库。针对每个数据库调整了搜索策略。包括探讨成人ABI人群污名的文章。所有文章都使用定量，定性或混合方法设计，并以英文出版，西班牙语或葡萄牙语。结果共入选21篇文献。他们考虑了ABI后的三种类型的污名：（1）自我污名，（2）协会的污名和（3）公共污名。还发现，可以在所有三种形式的污名中在隐式和显式级别上处理信息。提供了与ABI一起使用的每种类型的污名的定义以及所采用的相关概念和理论框架。总结ABI后，来自不同形式的污名的证据。结论ABI后病耻感研究具有异质性,现有的研究已经探讨了它对个体的影响，家庭和公共层面。ABI后的污名模型应考虑所有这些水平以及它们之间可能发生的相互作用。未来的研究应该探索如何将污名管理作为神经心理康复计划的一部分。
