Abstract：
This paper focuses on Jeffrey Gray\'s theory of anxiety from the perspective of Fowles\' (1980) application of his work to theories of arousal, psychophysiology, and the etiology of psychopathy. Although highly influential, the concept of general arousal failed to find support in terms of between-individuals assessment with multiple physiological measures. Gray\'s constructs of a behavioral inhibition system (BIS) that mediates anxiety, a behavioral approach or activation system (BAS) that energizes behavior to approach rewards, and a nonspecific arousal system that energizes behavior captured aspects of arousal. Fowles (1980) proposed that the BIS elicits electrodermal activity in response to threats, the BAS increases heart rate in response to reward incentive cues, and psychopathy is associated with a weak BIS. The paper reviews Gray\'s impact on future research on these topics, including early proposals relevant to the National Institute of Mental Health\'s Research Domain Criteria. Finally, the paper summarizes the evolution of theories of the etiology of psychopathy since 1980, noting ways in which aspects of Gray\'s theory are still seen in psychopathy research. Patrick\'s triarchic model has emerged as a major theory of psychopathy. Beauchaine\'s trait impulsivity theory of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also is relevant.
摘要：
本文从Fowles（1980）的角度出发，重点研究了JeffreyGray的焦虑理论，他的作品在唤醒理论中的应用，心理生理学，以及精神病的病因.虽然影响很大,一般唤醒的概念在采用多种生理测量的个体间评估方面未能得到支持.格雷构建了一个调节焦虑的行为抑制系统(BIS)，激励行为以接近奖励的行为方法或激活系统(BAS)，和一个非特定的唤醒系统，激励行为捕捉唤醒的各个方面。Fowles(1980)提出BIS引发皮肤电活动以应对威胁，BAS增加心率以响应奖励激励线索，精神病与BIS弱有关。本文回顾了格雷对这些主题未来研究的影响，包括与国家精神卫生研究所研究领域标准相关的早期建议。最后,本文总结了自1980年以来精神病病因学理论的演变，并指出了格雷理论在精神病研究中仍然存在的方面。帕特里克的三方模型已经成为精神病的主要理论。Beauchaine的注意缺陷多动障碍的特质冲动理论也是相关的。
