这项研究评估了疼痛期间安慰剂镇痛引起的阶段性疼痛和对疼痛的同情的调制以及对疼痛任务的同情。因为疼痛可以被概念化为产生逃避的危险刺激,我们评估了接近和回避性格特征如何调节疼痛和对疼痛反应的共情。我们诱导安慰剂镇痛来测试这是否也减少了自我疼痛和其他疼痛。N1、P2和P3ERPs分量的振幅测量,电刺激引起的,是在痛苦的控制中获得的,以及在预期诱导安慰剂镇痛的安慰剂治疗期间。安慰剂治疗减轻了疼痛和不愉快感,而我们观察到,在同理心疼痛期间,仅同理心不愉快就有所减少。战斗-飞行-冻结系统(FFFS)在P2和P3振幅变化与疼痛减轻之间的关系中的调节作用在低至中度FFFS值中均显着。这些观察结果与较低的FFFS(主动回避)评分可以预测安慰剂引起的疼痛减轻的想法一致。最后,根据修订后的钢筋敏感性理论(r-RST),我们可以假设阶段性疼痛是一种厌恶刺激,激活主动回避行为,使系统恢复稳态。
This study evaluates the modulation of phasic pain and empathy for pain induced by placebo analgesia during pain and empathy for pain tasks. Because pain can be conceptualized as a dangerous stimulus that generates avoidance, we evaluated how approach and avoidance personality traits modulate pain and empathy for pain responses. We induced placebo analgesia to test whether this also reduces self-pain and other pain. Amplitude measures of the N1, P2, and P3 ERPs components, elicited by electric stimulations, were obtained during a painful control, as well as during a placebo treatment expected to induce placebo analgesia. The placebo treatment produced a reduction in pain and unpleasantness perceived, whereas we observed a decrease in the empathy unpleasantness alone during the empathy pain condition. The moderator effects of the fight-flight-freeze system (
FFFS) in the relationships linking P2 and P3 amplitude changes with pain reduction were both significant among low to moderate
FFFS values. These observations are consistent with the idea that lower
FFFS (active avoidance) scores can predict placebo-induced pain reduction. Finally, in line with the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST), we can assume that phasic pain is an aversive stimulus activating the active-avoidance behavior to bring the system back to homeostasis.