PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity1. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400 years BP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200 years BP. The distinctive genetic lineages that characterize present-day and ancient people from Northwest Mexico increased in frequency in Southern and Central California by 5,200 years BP, providing evidence for northward migrations that are candidates for spreading Uto-Aztecan languages before the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mexico2-4. Individuals from Baja California share more alleles with the earliest individual from Central California in the dataset than with later individuals from Central California, potentially reflecting an earlier linguistic substrate, whose impact on local ancestry was diluted by later migrations from inland regions1,5. After 1,600 years BP, ancient individuals from the Channel Islands lived in communities with effective sizes similar to those in pre-agricultural Caribbean and Patagonia, and smaller than those on the California mainland and in sampled regions of Mexico.
摘要：
在殖民时期之前，加州的语言变异比整个欧洲都多，语言和考古分析导致了许多假设来解释这种多样性1。我们报告了来自加利福尼亚的79个古代个体和来自墨西哥北部的40个古代个体的全基因组数据，这些数据可追溯到现在（BP）的7,400-200年。我们的分析记录了生活在加利福尼亚北部海峡群岛和邻近的圣巴巴拉大陆海岸的人们之间的长期遗传连续性，从7400年BP到以生活在200年BP左右的个体为代表的现代Chumash群体。来自墨西哥西北部的当今和古代人的独特遗传谱系在加利福尼亚南部和中部的频率增加了5200年BP，为向北迁移提供证据，这些向北迁移是在从墨西哥2-4传播玉米农业之前传播Uto-Aztecan语言的候选者。来自下加利福尼亚的个体与数据集中来自加利福尼亚中部的最早个体比来自加利福尼亚中部的较晚个体共享更多的等位基因，可能反映了早期的语言基础，其对当地血统的影响因后来从内陆地区的移民而被稀释1,5。英国石油公司1600年后，来自海峡群岛的古代个体生活在与农业前加勒比海和巴塔哥尼亚相似的有效规模的社区中，比加利福尼亚大陆和墨西哥采样地区的要小。
