梅罗芬吉安时期(公元5至8cc)是人口统计学时期,社会经济,文化,西欧的政治重组。这里,我们报告了30个人类骨骼遗骸的全基因组shot弹枪序列数据,这些遗骸来自Koksijde的沿海Merovingian晚期遗址(公元675至750年),与现今佛兰德斯的两个中世纪早期到晚期遗址的18个遗迹一起,比利时。我们发现了两个不同的祖先,一个与中世纪早期的英格兰和荷兰分享,而另一个,次要成分,反映了可能的大陆高雅血统。亲属关系分析发现,没有以精英墓葬为特征的大型家谱,而是揭示了主要祖先群体个体之间遥远关系的高度模块化。相比之下,>90%高雅血统的个体在样本个体之间没有亲属关系。人口结构和主要群体中高利人祖先程度的主要差异的证据,包括一对母女,表明他们埋葬时社区中正在进行的混合。同位素和遗传证据结合在一起支持了一个模型,代表一个成熟的沿海非精英社区,吸收了来自内陆人口的移民。Koksijde的主要墓葬群显示出丰富的>5cM长的共享等位基因间隔,附近的中世纪高地,暗示长期连续性,并暗示与英国类似,中世纪早期祖先的变化对佛兰德人口的遗传构成产生了重大而持久的影响。我们发现两个祖先群体在色素沉着和饮食相关变异中的等位基因频率差异很大,包括那些与乳糖酶持久性有关的,可能反映了祖先的变化,而不是当地的适应。
The Merovingian period (5th to 8th cc AD) was a time of demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and political realignment in Western Europe. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence data of 30 human skeletal remains from a coastal Late Merovingian site of Koksijde (675 to 750 AD), alongside 18 remains from two Early to Late Medieval sites in present-day Flanders, Belgium. We find two distinct ancestries, one shared with Early Medieval England and the Netherlands, while the other, minor component, reflecting likely continental Gaulish ancestry. Kinship analyses identified no large pedigrees characteristic to elite burials revealing instead a high modularity of distant relationships among individuals of the main ancestry group. In contrast, individuals with >90% Gaulish ancestry had no kinship links among sampled individuals. Evidence for population structure and major differences in the extent of Gaulish ancestry in the main group, including in a mother-daughter pair, suggests ongoing admixture in the community at the time of their burial. The isotopic and genetic evidence combined supports a model by which the burials, representing an established coastal nonelite community, had incorporated migrants from inland populations. The main group of burials at Koksijde shows an abundance of >5 cM long shared allelic intervals with the High Medieval site nearby, implying long-term continuity and suggesting that similarly to Britain, the Early Medieval ancestry shifts left a significant and long-lasting impact on the genetic makeup of the Flemish population. We find substantial allele frequency differences between the two ancestry groups in pigmentation and diet-associated variants, including those linked with lactase persistence, likely reflecting ancestry change rather than local adaptation.