■员工的健康状况不仅是员工自身的问题,也是公司和社会保持低医疗成本和高生产率的问题。
■在此分析中,使用了来自一家大公司四个运营地点的2319名员工的15574项观察结果。数据集包含从年度强制性体检中获得的身体和精神健康状况,简短的工作压力问卷(BJSQ),和工作记录信息。分析了与长期旷工(一个季度超过三天)有关的健康和其他因素。数据是在2021年2月至2022年1月之间收集的,我们将其转换为季度观察。在分析中使用logit(逻辑回归)模型。
■年龄和性别被确定为重要的基本特征。对这些变量的估计是正的和负的,在1%的水平上是显著的。在从体检中获得的变量中,舒张压的估计值,HbA1c,回忆,心脏病史,吸烟,体重增加,饮酒频率在1%的水平上是积极和显著的,另外,服用抗高血压药物和有肾脏疾病史的患者在5%水平为阳性且显著.相比之下,收缩压和饮酒量的估计值为负,且在1%时显著.服用抗高血糖药物和健康指南的估计值在5%的水平上是阴性和显着的。在从BJSQ获得的变量中,对感觉到的工作量的估计,疲劳和家人和朋友的支持在1%是积极的,显著的,对刺激的估计在5%水平是阳性和显著的。对控制工作和身体投诉的估计在1%的水平上是负面和显著的,和那些使用员工的工作能力和工作的适宜性在5%的水平上是负面的和显著的。由于四个作业地点均位于日本东北部地区(冬季寒冷多雪),在1%的水平上,季节性影响显著。年份的影响也是显着的,并且在1%的水平上观察到站点之间的显着差异。
■一些身心健康状况与长期缺勤密切相关。通过改善这些条件,公司可以减少员工缺勤天数。由于替代员工及其维持运营的培训成本,旷工对公司来说代价高昂,雇主必须关注不断上升的医疗保健(直接和间接)成本,并实施投资以改善员工的健康状况。
■这项研究的结果仅基于一家公司,数据集是观察站。员工主要是在建筑物内工作的操作员,其中大多数人都很健康。因此,样本选择偏差可能存在,结果不能推广到其他类型的工作,工作条件,或公司。由于日本大多数公司都必须进行体检和BJSQ,本研究的框架可以应用于其他公司。虽然我们使用了BJSQ结果,更好的心理措施可能存在。对不同的公司进行类似的分析是必要的。
Employees\' health conditions are issues for not only employees themselves but also companies and society to keep medical costs low and productivity high.
In this analysis, 15,574 observations from 2,319 employees at four operational sites of a large corporation were used. The dataset contained physical and mental health conditions obtained from annual mandatory medical checkups, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and work record information. Health and other factors related to long-term absenteeism (over three days in a quarter) were analyzed. Data were collected between February 2021 and January 2022, and we converted into quarterly observations. A logit (logistic regression) model was used in the analysis.
Age and gender were identified as important basic characteristics. The estimates for these variables were positive and negative and significant at the 1% level. Among the variables obtained from the medical checkups, the estimates for diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, anamnesis, heart disease history, smoking, increased weight, and frequency of alcohol consumption were positive and significant at the 1% level, further those for taking antihypertensive medications and kidney disease history were positive and significant at the 5% level. In contrast, the estimates for systolic blood pressure and amount of alcohol consumption were negative and significant at the 1% level. The estimate for taking antihyperglycemic medications and health guidelines were negative and significant at the 5% level. Among the variables obtained from the BJSQ, the estimates for amount of work felt, fatigue and support from family and friends were positive and significant at the 1%, and the estimate for irritation was positive and significant at the 5% level. The estimates for controlling job and physical complaints were negative and significant at the 1% level, and those for usage of employee\'s ability to work and suitability of the work were negative and significant at the 5% level. As all four operational sites were located in the northeastern region of Japan (cold and snowy in winter), the seasonal effects were significant at the 1% level. The effect of year was also significant and significant differences were observed among the sites at the 1% level.
Some physical and mental health conditions were strongly associated with long-term absenteeism. By improving these conditions, corporations could reduce the number of employee absence days. As absenteeism was costly for corporations due to replacement employees and their training costs to maintain operations, employers must be concerned about rising healthcare (direct and indirect) costs and implement investments to improve employees\' health conditions.
This study\'s results were based on only one corporation and the dataset was observatory. The employees were primarily operators working inside the building and most of them are healthy. Therefore, the sample selection biases might exist, and the results cannot be generalized to other types of jobs, working conditions, or companies. As medical checkups and the BJSQ are mandatory for most companies in Japan, the framework of this study can be applied to other companies. Although we used the BJSQ results, better mental measures might exist. Similar analyses for different corporations are necessary.