Modern neuroimaging methods do not completely rule out false diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms which can lead to an unwarranted operation associated with risks of complications. However, surgical interventions for falsely diagnosed aneurysms are quite rare. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate two clinical cases of false-positive aneurysms and a systematic review of the literature dedicated to the incidence and etiology of false-positive aneurysms, identifying risk factors associated with false-positive aneurysms. A literature search in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using keywords \"mimicking an intracranial aneurysm\", \"presenting as an intracranial aneurysm\", \"false positive intracranial aneurysms\", and \"neurosurgery\" was conducted. A total of 243 papers were found in the initial search in two databases. Sixteen papers (including 20 patients) were included in the final analysis. There were 10 women and 10 men. The most common location of false-positive aneurysms was the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the posterior circulation, false-positive aneurysms were identified either on the basilar artery, or at the vertebro-basilar junction. The main causes of false intracranial aneurysm diagnosis included artery occlusion with vascular stump formation, infundibular widening, fenestration, arterial dissection, contrast extravasation, and venous varix. In conclusion, summarizing the results of our analysis, we can say that surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms are an underestimated problem in vascular neurosurgery. Despite extremely rare published clinical observations, the actual frequency of erroneous surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms is unknown.

UNASSIGNED: Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is caused by blood flukes from the schistosoma genus. Neuroschistosomiasis is the most severe form of schistosomiasis, which occurs when the host\'s brain and spinal cord react to the deposition of eggs, leading to neurological symptoms. Neuroschistosomiasis causes various signs and symptoms, such as myelopathy, radiculopathy, and elevated intracranial pressure.
UNASSIGNED: A 12-year-old child from Ethiopia who presented with progressive weakness in his lower extremities that has been ongoing for 2 months. Alongside the weakness, the patient also experienced tingling sensations and numbness in his lower extremities. Additionally, he had bladder and bowel incontinence. Spinal MRI showed signs suggestive of myxopapillary ependymoma, but the histopathology result showed schistosomiasis. Postoperatively, the patient had a slight improvement in terms of lower extremity weakness (flickering of the digits). However, there was no improvement in his continence ability.
UNASSIGNED: The most common neurological manifestation of Schistosoma mansoni infection is myelopathy, which includes subacute myeloradiculopathy and acute transverse myelitis. The cauda equina and conus medullaris are the areas most frequently affected.
UNASSIGNED: When spinal schistosomiasis presents itself as a mimicking spinal tumour, it poses a complex clinical challenge that necessitates a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. It is imperative for healthcare practitioners to enhance their knowledge and awareness of this uncommon parasitic infection, particularly in regions where it is prevalent.

Capillary hemangiomas, usually found in skin and mucosal tissues, are rarely encountered within the spinal cord, presenting a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a rare case of intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma at the conus medullaris in a 66-year-old female patient. Our initial diagnosis leaned towards a cystic hemangioblastoma based on MRI findings due to the presence of cystic formation with an enhanced mural nodule. However, surgical exploration and subsequent pathological examination revealed the lesion as a capillary hemangioma. To the authors\' knowledge, this case may represent the first documented instance of a spinal capillary hemangioma that mimics a cystic hemangioblastoma.

Postoperative abdominal adhesions often occur after abdominal surgery; barrier membranes which mimic peritoneal tissue can be constructed to prevent abdominal adhesions. To this end, silk fibroin (SF) sheets were coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and agarose (AGA) at PVA:AGA ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 to create a composite anti-adhesive barrier and allow us to identify a suitable coating ratio. The membranes were characterized in terms of their molecular organization, structure, and morphology using Fourier transform Infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the membranes and their biological performance (i.e., fibroblast proliferation and invasion) were tested in vitro. Each membrane showed both smooth and rough surface characteristics. Membranes coated with PVA:AGA at ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 exhibited more -OH and amide III moieties than those coated with 0:100 PVA:AGA, which consequently affected structural organization, degradation, and fibroblast viability. The 0:100 PVA:AGA-coated degraded the fastest. Barrier membranes coated with 100:0 and 70:30 PVA: AGA demonstrated reduced fibroblast proliferation and attachment. The membrane coated with 70:30 PVA:AGA exhibited a stable appearance, and did not curl under wet conditions. Therefore, SF sheets coated with 70:30 PVA:AGA show promise as anti-adhesive barrier membranes for further development.

Although airway foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common occurrence in any age group, unrecognized and retained foreign bodies in lungs may result in severe complications, such as lung abscess or bronchiectasis. In rare cases, FBA may present with similar clinical features as many other diseases (e.g. asthma, tumor, pulmonary eosinophilia). Here, we report a rare case of missed FBA in a nine-year-old boy, whose chest CT scan was suggestive of a cavitary lesion in the left lower lobe mimicking congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). However, surprisingly, flexible bronchoscopy revealed a peanut lodged in the lateral basal segment of left lower lobe, which was subsequently retrieved by a forceps and avoided unnecessary surgical lobectomy. Therefore, FBA can mimic other disorders (e.g. CPAM), and a high index of suspicion and additional diagnostic techniques (e.g. flexible bronchoscopy) may be required to distinguish them. Additionally, FBA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory disorders in children even lack of aspiration history.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a pandemic that affects predominantly upper airways and lungs. It may lead to reactivation of known inflammatory rheumatic diseases and/or initiation of various granulomatous disorders. Necrotising sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG) is a rare condition that can be confused with malignancy, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and sarcoidosis. Herein we reported the development of NSG following a SARS-CoV-2 infection which mimicked granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Pulmonary hamartoma is the most commonly resected benign neoplasm of lung. The mesenchymal cystic subtype is a rare and often bilaterally occurring variant composed of multiple cysts and nodules. Herein, we present an asymptomatic 70-year-old woman with a large and mostly cystic growth of right hilar region. Computed tomography of the chest and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging traced its origins to right middle lobe. Overall features suggested primary lung cancer or perhaps other cystic lung disease.Because transbronchial lung biopsy failed to establish a histologic diagnosis, right middle lobectomy was undertaken by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The gross surgical specimen harbored a single and sizeable (8.0 × 4.0 cm) cystic lesion containing multiple yellow-white nodules. A diagnosis of mesenchymal cystic and chondroid hamartoma was ultimately rendered. This particular case is noteworthy, given the initial clinical resemblance to primary lung cancer.

UNASSIGNED: Lesions that are suspected for malignancy need be managed by a multidisciplinary team. Utilization of radiological as well as pathological diagnostic modalities ensures correct diagnosis and thus timely intervention.
UNASSIGNED:
UNASSIGNED: Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative rod. It is a highly motile bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae. Lung infection and pneumonia caused by p. mirabilis is extremely rare and occurs in patients with chronic debilitation or chronic lung disease.
UNASSIGNED: A 65-year-Old Woman presented with dry cough, dyspnoea on exertion, and chest pain of 4 months\' duration. She received multiple medications including antibiotics but without any resolution of her symptoms. Computed Tomography scan of the chest was performed reported a tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung with multiple associated pulmonary nodules. The impression was that of metastatic lung disease with superimposed acute infection. Accordingly, the patient was reevaluated and a diagnostic bronchoscopy with multiple endobronchial biopsies and broncho-alveolar lavage was done. The gram stain showed Gram-Negative Bacilli and the bacteria identified P. mirabilis.
UNASSIGNED: Mass lesions suspected for malignancy should be managed with involvement of multiple medical disciplines, to ensure correct and timely diagnosis. This is to avoid miss-management.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that commonly arises from the metaphyseal and diaphyseal regions of long bones. Pain is often the first symptom, and it can mimic many diseases. Herein, we report a 36-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of lower back pain radiating to the right extremity for a year. In the patient\'s history, physical therapy, platelet-rich plasma, pregabalin, and duloxetine were used, with the only benefit from indomethacin. An X-ray of the femur was requested, and the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoid osteoma should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of persistent pain despite treatment.

A 61-year-old female presented with right atrial mass during physical examination. Contrast-enhanced left heart echocardiography revealed a mass with the size of 32*23 mm in the right atrium, attached to the atrial septum; there was a certain degree of activity and deformation. MRI showed a mass of about 35*22 mm in the right atrium adjacent to the atrial septum, which was diagnosed with right atrial myxoma. Intraoperative TEE showed that the mass was located in the atrial septum close to the inferior vena cava and spontaneous echo contrast with hyperechoic images within the mass. The lesion was resected under cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological examination revealed that the filling defect was an atrial septal hematogenous cyst with calcification.