In this study, tissue scaffolds mimicking hierarchical morphology are constructed and proposed for bone augmentation. The scaffolds are fabricated using lyophilization, before coating them with collagen (Col). Subsequently, the Col-coated scaffolds undergo a second lyophilization, followed by silk fibroin (SF) coating, and a third lyophilization. Thereafter, the scaffolds are divided into six groups with varying ratios of Col to SF: Col/SF = 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 10:0, and 0:10, with an SF scaffold serving as the control group. The scaffold morphology is examined using a scanning electron microscope, while molecular and structural formations are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. Physical and mechanical properties including swelling and compression are tested. Biological functions are assessed throughin vitroosteoblast cell culturing. Biomarkers indicative of bone formation-cell viability and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content-are analyzed. Results demonstrate that scaffolds coated with Col and SF exhibit sub-porous formations within the main pore. The molecular formation reveals interactions between the hydrophilic groups of Col and SF. The scaffold structure contains bound water and SF formation gets disrupted by Col. Physical and mechanical properties are influenced by the Col/SF ratio and morphology due to coating. The biological functions of scaffolds with Col and SF coating show enhanced potential for promoting bone tissue formation, particularly the Col/SF (7:3) ratio, which is most suitable for bone augmentation in small defect areas.

Modern neuroimaging methods do not completely rule out false diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms which can lead to an unwarranted operation associated with risks of complications. However, surgical interventions for falsely diagnosed aneurysms are quite rare. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate two clinical cases of false-positive aneurysms and a systematic review of the literature dedicated to the incidence and etiology of false-positive aneurysms, identifying risk factors associated with false-positive aneurysms. A literature search in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using keywords \"mimicking an intracranial aneurysm\", \"presenting as an intracranial aneurysm\", \"false positive intracranial aneurysms\", and \"neurosurgery\" was conducted. A total of 243 papers were found in the initial search in two databases. Sixteen papers (including 20 patients) were included in the final analysis. There were 10 women and 10 men. The most common location of false-positive aneurysms was the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the posterior circulation, false-positive aneurysms were identified either on the basilar artery, or at the vertebro-basilar junction. The main causes of false intracranial aneurysm diagnosis included artery occlusion with vascular stump formation, infundibular widening, fenestration, arterial dissection, contrast extravasation, and venous varix. In conclusion, summarizing the results of our analysis, we can say that surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms are an underestimated problem in vascular neurosurgery. Despite extremely rare published clinical observations, the actual frequency of erroneous surgical interventions for false-positive aneurysms is unknown.

Postoperative abdominal adhesions often occur after abdominal surgery; barrier membranes which mimic peritoneal tissue can be constructed to prevent abdominal adhesions. To this end, silk fibroin (SF) sheets were coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and agarose (AGA) at PVA:AGA ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 to create a composite anti-adhesive barrier and allow us to identify a suitable coating ratio. The membranes were characterized in terms of their molecular organization, structure, and morphology using Fourier transform Infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the membranes and their biological performance (i.e., fibroblast proliferation and invasion) were tested in vitro. Each membrane showed both smooth and rough surface characteristics. Membranes coated with PVA:AGA at ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 exhibited more -OH and amide III moieties than those coated with 0:100 PVA:AGA, which consequently affected structural organization, degradation, and fibroblast viability. The 0:100 PVA:AGA-coated degraded the fastest. Barrier membranes coated with 100:0 and 70:30 PVA: AGA demonstrated reduced fibroblast proliferation and attachment. The membrane coated with 70:30 PVA:AGA exhibited a stable appearance, and did not curl under wet conditions. Therefore, SF sheets coated with 70:30 PVA:AGA show promise as anti-adhesive barrier membranes for further development.

Pulmonary hamartoma is the most commonly resected benign neoplasm of lung. The mesenchymal cystic subtype is a rare and often bilaterally occurring variant composed of multiple cysts and nodules. Herein, we present an asymptomatic 70-year-old woman with a large and mostly cystic growth of right hilar region. Computed tomography of the chest and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging traced its origins to right middle lobe. Overall features suggested primary lung cancer or perhaps other cystic lung disease.Because transbronchial lung biopsy failed to establish a histologic diagnosis, right middle lobectomy was undertaken by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The gross surgical specimen harbored a single and sizeable (8.0 × 4.0 cm) cystic lesion containing multiple yellow-white nodules. A diagnosis of mesenchymal cystic and chondroid hamartoma was ultimately rendered. This particular case is noteworthy, given the initial clinical resemblance to primary lung cancer.

A 61-year-old female presented with right atrial mass during physical examination. Contrast-enhanced left heart echocardiography revealed a mass with the size of 32*23 mm in the right atrium, attached to the atrial septum; there was a certain degree of activity and deformation. MRI showed a mass of about 35*22 mm in the right atrium adjacent to the atrial septum, which was diagnosed with right atrial myxoma. Intraoperative TEE showed that the mass was located in the atrial septum close to the inferior vena cava and spontaneous echo contrast with hyperechoic images within the mass. The lesion was resected under cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological examination revealed that the filling defect was an atrial septal hematogenous cyst with calcification.

Platelet Membrane Imitating Nanoparticles (PMINs) is a novel drug delivery system that imitates the structure and functionality of platelet membranes. PMINs imitate surface markers of platelets to target specific cells and transport therapeutic cargo. PMINs are engineered by incorporating the drug into the platelet membrane and encapsulating it in a nanoparticle scaffold. This allows PMINs to circulate in the bloodstream and bind to target cells with high specificity, reducing off-target effects and improving therapeutic efficacy. The engineering of PMINs entails several stages, including the separation and purification of platelet membranes, the integration of therapeutic cargo into the membrane, and the encapsulation of the membrane in a nanoparticle scaffold. In addition to being involved in a few pathological conditions including cancer, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, platelets are crucial to the body\'s physiological processes. This study includes the preparation and characterization of platelet membrane-like nanoparticles and focuses on their most recent advancements in targeted therapy for conditions, including cancer, immunological disorders, atherosclerosis, phototherapy, etc. PMINs are a potential drug delivery system that combines the advantages of platelet membranes with nanoparticles. The capacity to create PMMNs with particular therapeutic cargo and surface markers provides new possibilities for targeted medication administration and might completely change the way that medicine is practiced. Despite the need for more studies to optimize the engineering process and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PMINs in clinical trials, this technology has a lot of potential.

BACKGROUND: Sarcoma may show similarities to malignant melanoma in terms of morphologic and immunohistochemical aspects, making it difficult to differentiate between these two neoplasms during the diagnostic process. This systematic review aims to summarize available evidence on cases of sarcoma that were initially diagnosed as melanoma.
METHODS: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases was conducted through March 2023. We included case series and case reports of sarcoma patients that were initially diagnosed as malignant melanoma. PRISMA guidelines were followed.
RESULTS: Twenty-three case reports and four case series with a total of 34 patients were included. The clinical presentation was heterogeneous, and the most involved anatomical regions were lower limbs (24%), head/neck (24%), and upper limbs (21%). IHC positivity was reported for S100 (69%), HMB45 (63%), MelanA (31%), and MiTF (3%). The main reasons for a second assessment were unusual presentation (48%) and uncertain diagnosis (28%). EWSR1 translocation was investigated in 17/34 patients (50%) and found to be positive in 16/17 (94%). The final diagnosis was clear cell sarcoma (50%) or other soft tissue sarcomas (50%).
CONCLUSIONS: Melanoma and some histotypes of sarcoma share many similarities. In cases of atypical lesions, a second diagnosis should be considered, and ESWR1 translocation should be investigated.

Phospholipids play key roles in infant nutrition and cognitive development. It is hypothesized that infant formula (IF) has lower phospholipid species, content and milk fat globule (MFG) structural integrity than human milk (HM). Herein, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of phospholipids in six classes of IF and HM using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (15.81 ± 7.20 mg/L) and sphingomyelin (35.84 ± 15.56 mg/L) in IF were significantly lower than those in HM (30.74 ± 17.38 mg/L, 45.53 ± 16.04 mg/L, respectively). Among the six IF classes, cow\'s milk-based IF had the highest number of phospholipid species, and IF containing milk fat globular membrane had the highest phospholipid content. The size, zeta potential, and amount of MFGs in IF were significantly lower than those in HM. These results may prove useful for designing better IF that mimic HM.

Peritoneal histoplasmosis is a rare entity with few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of isolated acute peritoneal histoplasmosis that mimicked an advanced ovarian malignancy in a patient undergoing antitumor necrosis factor therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. We also reviewed the literature on Histoplasma peritonitis.

UNASSIGNED: A few intracranial lesions may present only with positional vertigo which are very easy to misdiagnose as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV); the clinicians should pay more attention to this disease.
UNASSIGNED: To analyze the clinical characteristics of 6 patients with intracranial tumors who only presented with positional vertigo to avoid misdiagnosing the disease.
UNASSIGNED: Six patients with intracranial tumors who only presented with positional vertigo treated in our clinic between May 2015 to May 2019 were reviewed, and the clinical symptoms, features of nystagmus, imaging presentation, and final diagnosis of the patients were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: All patients presented with positional vertigo and positional nystagmus induced by the changes in head position or posture, including one case with downbeating nystagmus in a positional test, two cases with left-beating nystagmus, one case with apogeotropic nystagmus in a roll test, one case with right-beating nystagmus, and one case with left-beating and upbeating nystagmus. Brain MRI showed the regions of the tumors were in the vermis of the cerebellum, the fourth ventricle, the lateral ventricle, and the cerebellar hemisphere.