糖尿病,以葡萄糖代谢失调为特征,氧化应激,以及晚期糖基化终产物的形成,造成了巨大的全球卫生负担。在这项研究中,我们探索了高粱(高粱双色)种子的潜力,以其丰富的植物化学成分而闻名,作为糖尿病及其相关损害的自然疗法。高效液相色谱/高分辨率质谱分析显示高粱谷粒中酚类含量显着,包括没食子酸,槲皮素,和主要的原花青素B-1,类黄酮分布具有生态型特异性变化。ICP的元素分析表明大量的宏观元素(Ca,K,Mg),微量元素(Fe,Mn,Si,Zn),和超微量元素(B,Co,Cr,Cu,Mo,Se,V)对人类健康至关重要,支持其治疗和营养潜力。此外,结果显示了可变的总酚含量(188-297mgGAE/gdE)和总黄酮含量(66-78mgQE/gdE),五种生态型的抗氧化活性存在相应差异。用高粱种子提取物(SE1)处理显著降低氧化应激标志物,如丙二醛(MDA)占40%,过氧化氢(H2O2)占63%,在糖尿病小鼠中,与未经治疗的糖尿病对照相比。此外,高粱提取物的抗氧化酶活性显着增加,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增加50%,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性增加60%,表明它们有可能增强抗氧化防御能力以抵抗糖尿病诱导的氧化应激。这些发现强调了高粱种子在糖尿病管理和预防中的治疗潜力,为开发具有增强健康益处的功能性食品铺平了道路。
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by dysregulated glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycation end products, poses a significant global health burden. In this study, we explored the potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) seeds, known for their abundant phytochemical composition, as a natural remedy for diabetes and its associated damage. High-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed a remarkable phenolic richness in sorghum grains, including gallic acid, quercetin, and the predominant procyanidin B-1, with ecotype-specific variations in flavonoid distribution. Elemental analysis by ICP showed an abundance of macro-elements (Ca, K, Mg), trace elements (Fe, Mn, Si, Zn), and ultra-trace elements (B, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Se, V) essential for human health, supporting its therapeutic and nutritional potential. Additionally, the results demonstrated variable total phenolic contents (188-297 mg GAE/g dE) and total flavonoid contents (66-78 mg QE/g dE), with corresponding differences in antioxidant activities across the five ecotypes. Treatment with sorghum seed extract (SE1) significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA)by 40% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by 63%, in diabetic mice, compared to untreated diabetic controls. Moreover, sorghum extracts exhibited a remarkable increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, including a 50% increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a 60% increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, indicating their potential to bolster antioxidant defenses against diabetes-induced oxidative stress. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of sorghum seeds in diabetes management and prevention, paving the way for the development of functional foods with enhanced health benefits.