1959年出版《人道实验技术原理》时,作者威廉·罗素和雷克斯·伯奇有一个适度的目标:让研究人员思考他们在实验室里做的事情,并更人性化地做这件事。六十年后,他们的开创性著作因激发了科学革命并开创了一个新领域:动物实验的3R替代品而受到赞誉。2019年11月22日,该领域的一些开创性和领先的科学家和研究人员聚集在巴尔的摩的约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院,参加3R研讨会60年:经验教训和前进之路。该活动由约翰霍普金斯大学替代动物试验中心(CAAT)赞助,化学研究和倡议基金会,替代研究与发展基金会(ARDF),美国清洁协会(ACI),国际香料协会(IFRA),体外科学研究所(IIVS),约翰“杰克”R·福尔三世,和毒理学会(SoT)。十四个论文分享了开创性出版物背后的历史,实现其目标的国际努力,前进的绊脚石,以及显著的成就。那天是对罗素和伯奇的致敬,并证明了当来自各行各业的人们-科学时,政府,和行业-朝着共同的目标努力。
威廉·罗素和雷克斯·伯奇于1959年出版了他们的书《人道实验技术的原理》。这本书鼓励研究人员在可能的情况下取代动物实验,改进动物的实验以减少它们的痛苦,并将必须用于实验的动物数量减少到最低限度。六十年后,该领域的一批开创性和领先的科学家和研究人员聚集在一起,分享公众是如何产生的,以及愿景是如何激发国际合作和在许多不同层面上的成功,包括新法律。本文概述了动物实验替代品历史上的重要里程碑。
When The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique was published in 1959, authors William Russell and Rex Burch had a modest goal: to make researchers think about what they were doing in the laboratory – and to do it more humanely. Sixty years later, their groundbreaking book was celebrated for inspiring a revolution in science and launching a new field: The
3Rs of alternatives to animal experimentation. On November 22, 2019, some pioneering and leading scientists and researchers in the field gathered at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore for the 60 Years of the
3Rs Symposium: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead. The event was sponsored by the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), the Foundation for Chemistry Research and Initiatives, the Alternative Research & Development Foundation (ARDF), the American Cleaning Institute (ACI), the International Fragrance Association (IFRA), the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS), John “Jack” R. Fowle III, and the Society of Toxicology (SoT). Fourteen presentations shared the history behind the groundbreaking publication, international efforts to achieve its aims, stumbling blocks to progress, as well as remarkable achievements. The day was a tribute to Russell and Burch, and a testament to what is possible when people from many walks of life – science, government, and industry – work toward a common goal.
William Russell and Rex Burch published their book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique in 1959. The book encouraged researchers to replace animal experiments where it was possible, to refine experiments with animals in order to reduce their suffering, and to reduce the number of animals that had to be used for experiments to the minimum. Sixty years later, a group of pioneering and leading scientists and researchers in the field gathered to share how the publication came about and how the vision inspired international collaborations and successes on many different levels including new laws. The paper includes an overview of important milestones in the history of alternatives to animal experimentation.