塑料在开放环境中积累,比如海洋,河流,和土地,几个世纪以来,但是它们的影响仅仅几十年来就引起了人们的关注。由于塑料污染对生态系统的负面影响,塑料污染是全球公众意识前沿的全球挑战。动物,人类健康,和国民经济。因此,人们对发展塑料生产的特定循环经济以及在适当的时间范围内使用后对塑料降解的绿色技术进行研究的兴趣有所增加。此外,由于所涉及的聚合物的物理化学性质,与传统塑料相比,生物降解塑料已被发现含有潜在的新危害。最近,塑料生物降解被定义为使用功能性微生物及其酶系统的微生物转化。这是一种将有机组分解聚成二氧化碳的有前途的策略,甲烷,水,新生物质,和其他更高价值的生物产品在有氧和缺氧条件下。这项研究回顾了微塑料污染,塑料使用的负面影响,以及目前用于塑料降解和微生物介导的生物降解的技术及其缺点;特别是,讨论了极端多产酶细菌在塑料分解协同系统中的重要和可疑作用。本研究强调了使用极端微生物增强塑料降解过程的关键点,如细胞疏水性,淀粉样蛋白,以及其他相关因素。在这篇综述中还提到了关于塑料降解过程中产生的生物产品的未知信息的新型机制的生物勘探,其目标是将来释放CO2和增加H2/CH4产量。根据分析的潜在因素,对于来自各种污染环境的不可培养/多产酶细菌和极端微生物的体外分离技术,可能会有新的想法。
Plastics have accumulated in open environments, such as oceans, rivers, and land, for centuries, but their effect has been of concern for only decades. Plastic pollution is a global challenge at the forefront of public awareness worldwide due to its negative effects on ecological systems, animals, human health, and national economies. Therefore, interest has increased regarding specific circular economies for the development of plastic production and the investigation of green technologies for plastic degradation after use on an appropriate timescale. Moreover, biodegradable plastics have been found to contain potential new hazards compared with conventional plastics due to the physicochemical properties of the polymers involved. Recently, plastic biodegradation was defined as microbial conversion using functional microorganisms and their enzymatic systems. This is a promising strategy for depolymerizing organic components into carbon dioxide, methane, water, new biomass, and other higher value bioproducts under both oxic and anoxic conditions. This study reviews microplastic pollution, the negative consequences of plastic use, and the current technologies used for plastic degradation and biodegradation mediated by microorganisms with their drawbacks; in particular, the important and questionable role of extremophilic multi-enzyme-producing bacteria in synergistic systems of plastic decomposition is discussed. This study emphasizes the key points for enhancing the plastic degradation process using
extremophiles, such as cell hydrophobicity, amyloid protein, and other relevant factors. Bioprospecting for novel mechanisms with unknown information about the bioproducts produced during the plastic degradation process is also mentioned in this review with the significant goals of CO2 evolution and increasing H2/CH4 production in the future. Based on the potential factors that were analyzed, there may be new ideas for in vitro isolation techniques for unculturable/multiple-enzyme-producing bacteria and
extremophiles from various polluted environments.