灵长类动物表现出与其生物学密切相关的不同的社会系统,行为,和进化,所有这些都会影响肠道微生物组(GM)的获取和维持。然而,大多数野生灵长类动物种群的研究集中在群体规模相对较大的类群上,很少有人考虑配对生活的物种。为了解决这个差距,我们调查灵长类动物的社会系统如何与关键环境相互作用,社会,和遗传变量来塑造配对生活中的转基因,红腹狐猴(Eulemurrubriventer)。先前对该物种的研究表明,群体内的社会相互作用会影响个体间的微生物组相似性;然而,其他非社会变量的影响及其对肠道微生物变异的相对贡献尚不清楚.我们对16S核糖体RNA高变V4-V5区域进行了测序,以表征居住在Ranomafana国家公园的11个社会群体中26个基因分型个体的GM,马达加斯加。我们估计了性别的程度,社会群体认同,遗传相关性,饮食多样性,和家庭范围的接近与居住在红腹狐猴中的肠道微生物群落的变化有关。除性别外,所有变量在预测GM组成中起着重要作用。我们的模型有高水平的方差通货膨胀,抑制我们确定哪些变量最能预测肠道微生物组成的能力。这种通货膨胀很可能是由于红腹狐猴\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\成对结合的社会制度,导致环境之间的共变,社会,和遗传变量。我们的发现强调了一些预测GM组成的因素,配对生活的物种,并确定需要进一步研究的变量。我们建议未来的灵长类微生物组研究应该同时考虑环境,社会,和遗传因素来提高我们对社会性之间关系的理解,微生物组,和灵长类动物的生态和进化。
Primates exhibit diverse social systems that are intricately linked to their biology, behavior, and evolution, all of which influence the acquisition and maintenance of their gut microbiomes (GMs). However, most studies of wild primate populations focus on taxa with relatively large group sizes, and few consider pair-living species. To address this gap, we investigate how a primate\'s social system interacts with key environmental, social, and genetic variables to shape the GM in pair-living, red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer). Previous research on this species suggests that social interactions within groups influence interindividual microbiome similarity; however, the impacts of other nonsocial variables and their relative contributions to gut microbial variation remain unclear. We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA hypervariable V4-V5 region to characterize the GM from 26 genotyped individuals across 11 social groups residing in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We estimated the degree to which sex, social group identity, genetic relatedness, dietary diversity, and home range proximity were associated with variation in the gut microbial communities residing in red-bellied lemurs. All variables except sex played a significant role in predicting GM composition. Our model had high levels of variance inflation, inhibiting our ability to determine which variables were most predictive of gut microbial composition. This inflation is likely due to red-bellied lemurs\' pair-living, pair-bonded social system that leads to covariation among environmental, social, and genetic variables. Our findings highlight some of the factors that predict GM composition in a tightly bonded, pair-living species and identify variables that require further study. We propose that future primate microbiome studies should simultaneously consider environmental, social, and genetic factors to improve our understanding of the relationships among sociality, the microbiome, and primate ecology and evolution.