Abstract：
People implicitly generalize the actions of known individuals in a social group to unknown members. However, actions have social goals and evaluative valences, and the extent to which actions with different valences (helpful and harmful) are implicitly generalized among group members remains unclear. We used computer animations to simulate social group actions, where helping and hindering actions were represented by aiding and obstructing another\'s climb up a hill. Study 1 found that helpful actions are implicitly expected to be shared among members of the same group but not among members of different groups, but no such effect was found for harmful actions. This suggests that helpful actions are more likely than harmful actions to be implicitly generalized to group members. This finding was replicated in Study 2 by increasing the group size from three to five. Study 3 found that the null effect for generalizing harmful actions among group members is not due to the difficulty of detecting action generalization, as both helpful and harmful actions are similarly generalized within particular individuals. Moreover, Study 4 demonstrated that weakening social group information resulted in the absence of implicit generalization for helpful actions, suggesting the specificity of group membership. Study 5 revealed that the generalization of helping actions occurred when actions were performed by multiple group members rather than being repeated by one group member, showing group-based inductive generalization. Overall, these findings support valence-dependent implicit action generalization among group members. This implies that people may possess different knowledge regarding valenced actions on category-based generalization.
摘要：
人们隐含地将社会群体中已知个人的行为概括为未知成员。然而,行动有社会目标和评估价值，不同效价的行为（有帮助的和有害的）在群体成员中隐含的泛化程度尚不清楚。我们用电脑动画来模拟社会团体的动作,在那里，帮助和阻碍行动是以帮助和阻碍他人爬上小山为代表的。研究1发现，有帮助的行动被隐含地期望在同一群体的成员之间共享，而不是在不同群体的成员之间共享。但是对于有害行为没有发现这种影响。这表明，有益的行动比有害的行动更有可能隐式地推广到小组成员。这一发现在研究2中通过将组大小从3个增加到5个而被复制。研究3发现，在小组成员中推广有害行为的无效效果不是由于难以检测行为推广，因为有用和有害的行为在特定个体中也同样普遍。此外，研究4表明，社会群体信息的弱化导致了对有用行为的内隐概括的缺失，表明组成员身份的特殊性。研究5表明，帮助行动的泛化发生在多个小组成员执行行动而不是由一个小组成员重复行动时，显示基于组的归纳概括。总的来说,这些发现支持组成员之间的效价依赖性内隐行动概括。这意味着人们可能对基于类别的概括的有价行为拥有不同的知识。
