Urban green space equity focuses on whether different social groups can equally share the well-being from green space, which is an important issue in the realm of environmental justice. We systematically introduced the origin and development of green space equity, explored its multidimensional progress in conceptual connotation, measurement methodology, phenomenon, mechanism, and regulation, and proposed the enlightenment for deepening the related studies. The green space equity originated from environmental social movement and environmental justice studies, and experienced multilevel evolution in topic constriction and theoretical interpretation. Although the connotation of green space equity was interpreted from various perspectives, its core idea was distributional equality. There was a frequently-used framework for measurement methodology of green space equity, whose spatial scale issue was critical. Due to the differences of characteristics, developmental stages, and institutional backgrounds between Chinese and Western cities, the phenomena and driving mechanisms of green space equity were different. The regulation strategies of green space equity could be summarized into three types, including green distributional equitable strategy, social recognitional justice strategy, and procedural justice orientated strategy. Future studies should deepen the research from the hierarchical logics for practice management, the fine-scale measurement methodology, the interpretation of mechanism for green space inequity in Chinese context, and simulation of differentiated regulation strategies. Social development endows green space equity with more practical tasks and theoretical logics, which is urgent to clarify the research progress to support the future research.
城市绿色空间公平聚焦不同社会群体能否平等共享绿色福祉,是环境正义领域的重要议题。本文系统梳理了绿色空间公平的起源和发展,探讨其概念内涵、测度技术、现象、机制和调控等多维进展,并提出研究深化的启示。绿色空间公平研究源于环保社会运动和环境正义研究,经历了话题收敛与理论演绎的多层次演进。绿色空间公平内涵多元,但分配平等是核心;绿色空间公平测度形成了成熟的技术框架,其空间尺度问题是关键;由于中西方城市特质、发展阶段、制度背景等差异,绿色空间公平现象特征和影响机制有所差异;对绿色空间公平的调控可归纳为绿色分配公平、社会承认正义、程序正义导向3类对策。未来可以从绿色空间公平的多层次实践逻辑、精细化测度技术、中国化机制解释、差异化对策仿真等方面深化研究。社会发展赋予绿色空间公平更多的现实任务与理论逻辑,迫切要求厘清绿色空间公平研究进展,支撑研究深化。.

UNASSIGNED: ABSTRACT: People expect group members to act consistently. However, because actions are organized hierarchically, incorporating deep-level goals and shallow-level movements, it remains unclear what level of action is expected to be consistent among group members. We determined that these two levels of action representations can be dissociated in object-directed actions and measured the late positive potential (LPP), which indicates expectation. We found that participants identified a new agent\'s actions more quickly when this agent pursued a consistent goal while moving in a manner inconsistent with group members than when this agent pursued an inconsistent goal while moving in the same manner as group members. Moreover, this facilitation effect disappeared when the new agent was from a different group, revealing goal-based expectations for consistent actions among group members. The LPP amplitude during the action-expectation phase was greater for agents from the same group than for agents from a different group, suggesting that people implicitly generate clearer action expectations for group members than for other individuals. Additionally, the behavioural facilitation effect was observed when the goal of actions was clearly identifiable (i.e. performing rational actions to reach an external target) rather than when there was no clear association between actions and external targets (i.e. performing irrational actions). The LPP amplitude during the action-expectation phase was greater after observing rational actions than after observing irrational actions performed by two agents from the same group, and the expectation-related increase in LPP predicted the behavioural measurements of the facilitation effect. Hence, the behavioural and event-related potential evidence suggest that people implicitly expect group members to behave consistently according to goals rather than movements per se.

From the perspective of market classification of Cnidii Fructus, this paper revealed the scientific connotation of evaluating the quality grade of Cnidii Fructus by its appearance traits. Thirty batches of Cnidii Fructus in different grades were selected as the research objects. The canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to explore the measurement values of 15 appearance traits and intrinsic content indexes. The results of correlation analysis showed that except the aspect ratio, the 5 appearance trait indexes(length, width, 1 000-grain weight, broken grain weight proportion, and chroma) and 9 internal content indexes(the content of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, osthole, imperatorin, 5-methoxy psoralen, isopimpinellin, xanthotoxin, and xanthotol) showed significant correlation to varying degrees. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the first typical variable U_1 composed of appearance traits and the first typical variable V_1 composed of internal content indexes(CR_1=0.963, P<0.01). The results of PCA showed that the classification results of appearance traits for 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were consistent with the actual information of the samples. Under the same analysis conditions, 30 batches of Cnidii Fructus were reclassified by 9 groups of internal content indexes, and the analysis results were consistent. From the classification standard of the appearance traits of the system study, the statistical results of 6 appearance traits of Cnidii Fructus showed a correlation with grades. There was a good correlation between the appearance and the internal content of Cnidii Fructus, and the appearance quality effectively predicted the level of the internal content. There is a certain scientific basis for the quality classification of Cnidii Fructus by main appearance traits. Appearance classification can replace quality grading to realize the "quality evaluation through morphological identification" of Cnidii Fructus.

Previous studies have shown that lymph node metastasis only occurs in some mixed ground-glass nodules (mGGNs) which the pathological results were invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). However, the presence of lymph node metastasis leads to the upgrading of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and worse prognosis of the patients, so it is important to perform the necessary evaluation before surgery to guide the operation method of lymph node. The aim of this study was to find suitable clinical and radiological indicators to distinguish whether mGGNs with pathology as IAC is accompanied by lymph node metastasis, and to construct a prediction model for lymph node metastasis.
From January 2014 to October 2019, the patients with resected IAC appearing as mGGNs in computed tomography (CT) scan were reviewed. All the lesions were divided into two groups (with lymph node metastasis or not) according to their lymph node status. Lasso regression model analysis by applying R software was used to evaluate the relationship between clinical and radiological parameters and lymph node metastasis of mGGNs.
A total of 883 mGGNs patients were enroled in this study, among which, 12 (1.36%) showed lymph node metastasis. Lasso regression model analysis of clinical imaging information in mGGNs with lymph node metastasis showed that previous history of malignancy, mean density, mean density of solid components, burr sign and percentage of solid components were informative. Prediction model for lymph node metastasis in mGGNs was developed based on the results of Lasso regression model with area under curve=0.899.
Clinical information combined with CT imaging information can predict lymph node metastasis in mGGNs.
【中文题目：肺混合密度磨玻璃结节中临床影像学信息
对淋巴结转移的预测价值】 【中文摘要：背景与目的 部分胸部计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）上表现为混合磨玻璃结节（mixed ground-glass nodules, mGGNs）的浸润性腺癌（invasive adenocarcinoma, IAC）会出现淋巴结转移，需由亚肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结采样的术式改为肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结清扫，故术前进行淋巴结转移的评估对指导手术切除范围及患者预后非常重要。本研究在病理为IAC的大样本mGGN队列中，探索能够预测淋巴结转移的临床和影像学指标，构建mGGN合并淋巴结转移的评估模型。方法 通过收集北京大学人民医院胸外科2014年1月-2019年10月收治的患者信息，筛选胸部CT病变表现为mGGN且术后病理证实为IAC的患者。统计入组患者的临床信息、影像学信息和淋巴结转移状态，并使用基于人工智能技术的肺结节辅助诊断系统（InferRead CT Lung）获取病例的平均密度、实性成分体积、实性成分百分比、质量等三维度量指标，构建CT密度直方图信息。通过应用R软件建立Lasso逻辑斯蒂回归模型分析评估临床影像学指标与淋巴结转移的相关性。结果 研究共纳入883例mGGN患者，其中12例（1.36%）出现淋巴结转移。mGGN中的临床影像信息与淋巴结转移的Lasso回归模型分析显示，既往恶性肿瘤病史、平均密度、实性成分平均密度、毛刺征和三维实性成分百分比具有参考意义。基于Lasso回归模型结果建立mGGN中淋巴结转移的评估模型，曲线下面积为0.899。结论 临床信息结合CT影像信息可以较准确评估mGGN的淋巴结转移情况。
】 【中文关键词：混合密度磨玻璃结节；淋巴结转移；实性成分三维指标】.

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the trend of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in China at different periods by population and region and to explore the effect of TB prevention and control in recent years.
UNASSIGNED: Using pooled data on TB cases reported by the TB Information Management Reporting System (TBIMS) from 2005 to 2020, we calculated the annual percentage change (APC) using the Joinpoint regression model.
UNASSIGNED: From 2005 to 2020, a total of 16.2 million cases of PTB were reported in China, with an average notified incidence of 75.5 per 100,000 population. The age standardization rate (ASR) continued to decline from 116.9 (/100,000) in 2005 to 47.6 (/100,000) in 2020, with an average annual decrease of 5.6% [APC = -5.6, 95% confidence interval ( CI): -7.0 to -4.2]. The smallest decline occurred in 2011-2018 (APC = -3.4, 95% CI: -4.6 to -2.3) and the largest decrease in 2018-2020 (APC = -9.2, 95% CI: -16.4 to -1.3). From 2005 to 2020, the ASR in males (159.8 per 100,000 in 2005, 72.0 per 100,000 in 2020) was higher than that in females (62.2 per 100,000 in 2005, 32.3 per 100,000 in 2020), with an average annual decline of 6.0% for male and 4.9% for female. The average notified incidence was the highest among older adults (65 years and over) (182.3/100,000), with an average annual decline of 6.4%; children (0-14 years) were the lowest (4.8/100,000), with an average annual decline of 7.3%, but a significant increase of 3.3% between 2014 and 2020 (APC = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4 to 5.2); middle-aged (35-64 years) decreased by 5.8%; and youth (15-34 years) decreased by an average annual rate of 4.2%. The average ASR in rural areas (81.3/100,000) is higher than that in urban areas (76.1/100,000). The average annual decline in rural areas was 4.5% and 6.3% in urban areas. South China had the highest average ASR (103.2/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%, while North China had the lowest (56.5/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%. The average ASR in the southwest was 95.3 (/100,000), with the smallest annual decline (APC = -4.5, 95% CI: -5.5 to -3.5); the average ASR in the Northwest China was 100.1 (/100,000), with the largest annual decline (APC = -6.4, 95% CI: -10.0 to -2.7); Central, Northeastern, and Eastern China declined by an average of 5.2%, 6.2%, and 6.1% per year, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: From 2005 to 2020, the notified incidence of PTB in China continued to decline, falling by 55%. For high-risk groups such as males, older adults, high-burden areas in South, Southwest, and Northwest China, and rural regions, proactive screening should be strengthened to provide timely and effective anti-TB treatment and patient management services for confirmed cases. There is also a necessity to be vigilant about the upward trend of children in recent years, the specific reasons for which need to be further studied.

Previous general super-resolution methods do not perform well in restoring the details structure information of face images. Prior and attribute-based face super-resolution methods have improved performance with extra trained results. However, they need an additional network and extra training data are challenging to obtain. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-phase Attention Network (MPAN). Specifically, our proposed MPAN builds on integrated residual attention groups (IRAG) and a concatenated attention module (CAM). The IRAG consists of residual channel attention blocks (RCAB) and an integrated attention module (IAM). Meanwhile, we use IRAG to bootstrap the face structures. We utilize the CAM to concentrate on informative layers, hence improving the network\'s ability to reconstruct facial texture features. We use the IAM to focus on important positions and channels, which makes the network more effective at restoring key face structures like eyes and mouths. The above two attention modules form the multi-phase attention mechanism. Extensive experiments show that our MPAN has a significant competitive advantage over other state-of-the-art networks on various scale factors using various metrics, including PSNR and SSIM. Overall, our proposed Multi-phase Attention mechanism significantly improves the network for recovering face HR images without using additional information.

The prevalence of thyroid diseases in China continues to increase, especially for hypothyroidism. This article focuses on the existing problems in the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in special groups, including obese patients, the elderly, children and pregnant women. The pathogenesis and intervention measures of obesity-induced hypothyroidism have been the hot research frontiers. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly is the highest, while its diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies are still controversial. The hazard and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy have now become an international concern. And there also exist some problems in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism in children. So it is urgent to carry out high-quality clinical research to provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and carry out in-depth research on related mechanisms to establish a foundation for the construction of a scientific prevention and treatment system for hypothyroidism.
我国甲状腺疾病患病率逐年升高，甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）尤为突出。本文就特殊人群甲减诊治的临床问题进行论述，包括肥胖、老年、儿童及孕妇在内的特殊人群。肥胖导致甲减的发病机制和干预措施是研究的前沿热点；老年人亚临床甲减患病率最高，而诊断标准和治疗策略还存在争议；妊娠期亚临床甲减和低甲状腺素血症的危害和治疗是目前国际上的焦点问题；儿童的先天性甲减的筛查和诊治也存在不容忽视的问题，还需要开展高质量临床研究为临床诊治提供依据，深入开展相关机制研究为构建甲减的科学防治体系建立基础。.

A rational design of the structure of catalyst layer (CL) is required for proton exchange membrane fuel cells to attain outstanding performance and excellent stability. It is crucial to have a profound comprehension of the correlations existing between the properties (catalyst ink), network structures of CL and proton exchange membrane fuel cells\' performance for the rational design of the structure of CL. This study deeply investigates the effects of a series of alcohol solvents on the properties and network structure of CL. The results demonstrate that the CL aggregates in higher ε solution show smaller particle sizes, and the sulfonic acid groups (∼SO3H) tend to extend more outward due to the strong dissociation. A more continuous and homogeneous ionomer distribution around Pt/C aggregates is observed in the CL, which improves the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and performance of the electrode. But, the electrode has a poor performance at high current density regions due to the mass transfer resistance. Based on this, a two-step solvent control strategy is proposed to maintain uniform ionomer and aggerates distribution and optimize the mass transfer for CL. The performance of the cell improves from 0.555 V to 0.615 V at 2000 mA·cm-2.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic illness that is analogous to smallpox. Monkeypox infections have moved across the forests of Central Africa, where they were first discovered, to other parts of the world. It is transmitted by the monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Poxviridae species and belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. In this article, the monkeypox virus is investigated using a deterministic mathematical framework within the Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative that depends on the generalized Mittag-Leffler (GML) kernel. The system\'s equilibrium conditions are investigated and examined for robustness. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium is addressed using Jacobian matrix techniques and the Routh-Hurwitz threshold. Furthermore, we also identify a criterion wherein the system\'s disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Also, we employ a new approach by combining the two-step Lagrange polynomial and the fundamental concept of fractional calculus. The numerical simulations for multiple fractional orders reveal that as the fractional order reduces from 1, the virus\'s transmission declines. The analysis results show that the proposed strategy is successful at reducing the number of occurrences in multiple groups. It is evident that the findings suggest that isolating affected people from the general community can assist in limiting the transmission of pathogens.

BiOCl semiconductors have attracted extensive amounts of attention and have substantial potential in alleviating energy shortages, improving sterilization performance, and solving environmental issues. To improve the optical quantum efficiency of layered BiOCl, the lifetimes of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and BiOCl reduction capacity. During the past decade, researchers have designed many effective methods to weaken the effects of these limitations, and heterojunction construction is regarded as one of the most promising strategies. In this paper, BiOCl heterojunction photocatalysts designed and synthesized by various research groups in recent years were reviewed, and their photocatalytic properties were tested. Among them, direct Z-scheme and S-scheme photocatalysts have high redox potentials and intense redox capabilities. Hence, they exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the applications of BiOCl heterojunctions for pollutant degradation, CO2 reduction, water splitting, N2 fixation, organic synthesis, and tumor ablation are also reviewed. Finally, we summarize research on the BiOCl heterojunctions and put forth new insights on overcoming their present limitations.