Urban green space equity focuses on whether different social groups can equally share the well-being from green space, which is an important issue in the realm of environmental justice. We systematically introduced the origin and development of green space equity, explored its multidimensional progress in conceptual connotation, measurement methodology, phenomenon, mechanism, and regulation, and proposed the enlightenment for deepening the related studies. The green space equity originated from environmental social movement and environmental justice studies, and experienced multilevel evolution in topic constriction and theoretical interpretation. Although the connotation of green space equity was interpreted from various perspectives, its core idea was distributional equality. There was a frequently-used framework for measurement methodology of green space equity, whose spatial scale issue was critical. Due to the differences of characteristics, developmental stages, and institutional backgrounds between Chinese and Western cities, the phenomena and driving mechanisms of green space equity were different. The regulation strategies of green space equity could be summarized into three types, including green distributional equitable strategy, social recognitional justice strategy, and procedural justice orientated strategy. Future studies should deepen the research from the hierarchical logics for practice management, the fine-scale measurement methodology, the interpretation of mechanism for green space inequity in Chinese context, and simulation of differentiated regulation strategies. Social development endows green space equity with more practical tasks and theoretical logics, which is urgent to clarify the research progress to support the future research.
城市绿色空间公平聚焦不同社会群体能否平等共享绿色福祉,是环境正义领域的重要议题。本文系统梳理了绿色空间公平的起源和发展,探讨其概念内涵、测度技术、现象、机制和调控等多维进展,并提出研究深化的启示。绿色空间公平研究源于环保社会运动和环境正义研究,经历了话题收敛与理论演绎的多层次演进。绿色空间公平内涵多元,但分配平等是核心;绿色空间公平测度形成了成熟的技术框架,其空间尺度问题是关键;由于中西方城市特质、发展阶段、制度背景等差异,绿色空间公平现象特征和影响机制有所差异;对绿色空间公平的调控可归纳为绿色分配公平、社会承认正义、程序正义导向3类对策。未来可以从绿色空间公平的多层次实践逻辑、精细化测度技术、中国化机制解释、差异化对策仿真等方面深化研究。社会发展赋予绿色空间公平更多的现实任务与理论逻辑,迫切要求厘清绿色空间公平研究进展,支撑研究深化。.

Calls have been made to rethink the mental health support currently available for young people. This study aims to help re-focus and reduce the inaccessibility of mental health services by offering an adapted version of a theoretically-driven, evidence-based, guided psychosocial intervention known as \'Groups 4 Health\' (G4H). To date, the G4H intervention has mainly been trialled in Australia, with promising positive effects on social connection, mental health and well-being. The present study examines the feasibility of running a randomised controlled trial when delivering the G4H intervention for young people in the UK.
The TOGETHER study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of an adapted version of the G4H intervention. Participants are aged 16-25, currently experiencing mental health difficulties and recruited from mental health services. The target sample size is 30, with 15 in each trial arm. Participants are randomly allocated to either G4H plus treatment as usual, or treatment as usual alone. The primary outcomes of interest are the feasibility of recruitment, randomisation, data collection and retention to the study at 10 and 14 week follow up, as well as the acceptability, and accessibility of the study protocol and G4H intervention.
The results of this study will indicate if further optimisation is required to improve the feasibility, acceptability and accessibility of the intervention and study protocol procedures as perceived by end users and practitioners. This offers a significant opportunity to support the local and national demand for accessible, innovative, and effective psychosocial youth mental health support.
ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN12505807). Registration date: 11/04/2022.

The objective was to identify if family social exclusion is associated with child motor and social development delay in Southeastern Brazil.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a sample of 348 children under 3 years, proportional to the number of children registered in the primary care centres of the municipality.
Child development was measured using the \"Developmental Surveillance Instrument\" which was developed by the Ministry of Health in Brazil and is used for public health nurses and clinicians in their practice. An index was used to evaluate social exclusion.
The prevalence of child motor and socioemotional developmental delay was 27.6% and 17.2%, respectively. Children in the most social excluded group were more likely to have delayed motor development (OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.14; 10.55) and socioemotional developmental delay (OR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.05; 9.02) than children in the least social excluded group.

Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for subsequent clinical infection. Diminishing returns from mitigation efforts emphasize the need to better understand colonization, spread, and transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. While contact with other people presents opportunities for pathogen exposure and transmission, diversity of social connections may be protective against pathogens such as the common cold. This study examined whether social relationship resources, including the amount and diversity of social contacts, are associated with S. aureus colonization. Participants were community members (N = 443; 68% Hispanic) in naturally occurring social groups in southwestern Arizona. Four types of social relationships and loneliness were assessed, and samples from the skin, nose and throat were obtained to ascertain S. aureus colonization. Overall S. aureus prevalence was 64.8%. Neither the amount nor the diversity of social contacts were associated with S. aureus colonization. The concurrent validity of the social relationship assessments was supported by their moderate intercorrelations and by their positive association with self-rated health. The results suggest that the association of social network diversity and susceptibility to the common cold does not extend to S. aureus colonization. Conversely, colonization prevalence was not higher among those with more social contacts. The latter pattern suggests that social transmission may be relatively infrequent or that more intimate forms of social interaction may drive transmission and colonization resulting in high community prevalence of S. aureus colonization. These data inform communicable disease control efforts.

Previous work ability studies have primarily focused on old workers and physical health. This study investigated how poor perceived work ability (PPWA) is associated with work-related factors in different health and social service (HSS) worker age groups.
Cross-sectional survey in 2020.
HSS employees (general HSS and eldercare) in nine Finnish public sector organisations.
All employees who were employed in the organisation completed self-reported questionnaires. Of the original sample (N=24 459, response rate 67%), 22 528 gave consent for research use.
Participants evaluated their psychosocial work environment and work ability. Lowest decile of work ability was categorised as poor. The association between psychosocial work-related factors and PPWA in different age-groups of HSS workers, adjusting for perceived health, was analysed with logistic regression.
The proportion of PPWA was highest in shift workers, eldercare employees, practical nurses and registered nurses. Considerable variation between age groups exists in the work-related psychosocial factors associated with PPWA. Among young employees engaging leadership and working time and work task autonomy were statistically significant, whereas in middle-aged and old employees procedural justice and ethical strain were highlighted. The strength of the association with perceived health also differs in age groups (young: OR=3.77, 95% CI 3.30 to 4.30; middle-aged: OR=4.66, 95% CI 4.22 to 5.14; old: OR=6.16, 95% CI 5.20 to 7.18).
Young employees would benefit from engaging leadership and mentoring, and from more working time and work task autonomy. As employees get older they would benefit more from job modification and from ethical and just organisation culture.

Impulsivity represents a risk factor for patients with binge-eating disorder, and we therefore investigated the treatment process of impulsive behaviors including binge-eating episodes in the randomized controlled IMPULS trial. Using 8 weekly online questionnaires throughout the assessment period, we compared 41 patients participating in the IMPULS program, which emphasized impulsive eating behavior (IG), with 39 control patients who received no intervention (CG). We assessed the frequency of binge eating, other impulsive behaviors, situations in which such behaviors could be inhibited, and the execution of alternative behaviors. Results indicate a stronger binge-eating reduction in the IG compared to the CG at the fifth, seventh, and eighth treatment weeks. Overall, both groups reduced other impulsive behaviors. They did not differ in the amount of inhibited impulsive behaviors and showed similar alternative behaviors, \"distraction\" most frequently used. IG patients evaluated the IMPULS program as very helpful. The stronger reduction of binge eating in the IG and positive evaluation of the treatment indicate a specific treatment effect regarding impulsive eating behavior. The reduction of other impulsive behaviors across both groups, and the initial reduction of binge eating within the CG, could be explained by an increased degree of self-observation.

Expected rise in the demand for healthcare and a dropping supply of healthcare professionals, has generated an increased interest in the most effective deployment of healthcare professionals. Consequently, task shifting has become a common strategy to redistribute tasks between established professional groups, however, little is known about the effects of shifting tasks to emerging professional groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate a legal amendment to facilitate task shifting to an emerging profession in Dutch healthcare: Clinical Technologists (CTs). CTs were introduced and provided an Extended Scope of Practice (ESP) to perform nine \'reserved procedures\' independently.
A concurrent multi-phase mixed methods study was used to evaluate whether a legal amendment to facilitate task shifting to CTs was effective and efficient.
The results show that CTs use their ESP frequently to perform five categories of reserved procedures independently and suggest that the ESP increased the efficiency of care delivery for those procedures. Additionally, the findings highlight that task shifting was influenced by the setting in which CTs worked, time allotted to patient-contact as well as external factors (e.g., financing).
This study provides tentative lessons for policymakers on how task shifting to emerging professional groups can be improved. Providing a legal amendment to facilitate task shifting to CTs seems to be effective and efficient. However, it also poses multiple challenges. While established professional groups can face similar challenges, it is likely that these are exacerbated for emerging professional groups, particularly when shifting tasks occurs horizontally.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that psychologically and physically affects the women who suffer from it. In this article, we propose an intervention protocol based on therapeutic tourism through adventure physical activities and psychological therapy that could improve the psychological and physical health of women participants. We propose a randomized study where participants will be separated into two groups, control and experimental, and we will perform measurements including self-concept, self-image, depression, and perceived stress, combining these with physiological measurements of stress level by determining stress-related hormones (Cortisol and DHEA), as well as the overall cost-effectiveness of the program. All data collected at the end of the protocol will be statistically analysed. If the final data are positive and it is feasible, this protocol could be proposed as a measure for the treatment of the sequelae of victims of gender violence.

BACKGROUND: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a major public health problem and one of the five leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Use of two wheelers are growing rapidly especially inlow to middle income countries leading to an increase in RTA. 27% deaths related to accidents in India are among users of motorized two wheelers.
OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of head injuries in motorcycle riders wearing/not wearinghelmets.
METHODS: The study is designed as a prospective observational study. Study groups shall be initially categorized based on use of helmets and will be studied in terms of clinical presentation on admission. Basic epidemiological information will be collected in every patient. Case record shall be done in two parts.1) clinical survey 2) radiological survey . Survey is designed as per ATLS guidelines of assessment of trauma patients.
RESULTS: Helmet wearers suffered significantly less head and traumatic brain injuries than the non-helmeted counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS: Helmets provide significant protection against the morbidity and mortality of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of road traffic accidents (RTA).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of diagnostics of microhemocirculatory changes in periodontal tissues in anatomical and functional disorders of the mucogingival complex, based on the use of the method of discriminant analysis of ultrasound opplerography.
METHODS: 187 patients aged 18-44 years (young age according to WHO) were examined without concomitant somatic pathology with various variants of anatomical structures of the mucous-gingival complex, which included an assessment of blood flow in periodontal tissues by ultrasound dopplerography at rest and during a functional test of the tension of the soft tissues of the upper and lower lip, cheeks using an opt-out. After qualitative and quantitative analysis of dopplerograms, an automated assessment of the microhemocirculation of the studied structures was performed, identifying differences between groups using step-by-step discriminant analysis with the study of several variables.
RESULTS: Depending on the type of reaction to the sample, a model of the distribution of patients into separate groups based on the application of the discriminant analysis method is proposed. It was found that patients of all groups were classified statistically significantly (p<0.05) and the possibility of distributing patients according to the described criteria (the ratio of the maximum systolic blood flow rate along the mean velocity curve, Vas) to a specific class corresponding to the highest value of the function was proved.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method for assessing the functional state of periodontal tissue vessels allows classifying patients with high accuracy and a minimum of the probability of false results, reliably assess the degree of existing functional disorders, determine the prognosis and further tactics of therapeutic and preventive measures and can be recommended for use in clinical practice.
UNASSIGNED: Повышение эффективности диагностики микрогемоциркуляторных изменений в тканях пародонта при анатомо-функциональных нарушениях мукогингивального комплекса, основанное на применении метода дискриминантного анализа показателей ультразвуковой допплерографии.
UNASSIGNED: Проведено обследование 187 пациентов в возрасте 18—44 лет без сопутствующей соматической патологии с различными вариантами анатомических структур слизисто-десневого комплекса. Обследование включало оценку кровотока в тканях пародонта методом ультразвуковой допплерографии в покое и при проведении функциональной пробы натяжения мягких тканей верхней и нижней губ, щек с использованием оптрагейта. После анализа допплерограмм проводили автоматизированную оценку микрогемоциркуляции исследуемых структур и выявляли различия между состояниями слизисто-десневого комплекса с использованием пошагового дискриминантного анализа с исследованием нескольких переменных.
UNASSIGNED: Предложена модель классификации анатомо-функциональных нарушений на основе применения метода дискриминантного анализа. Установлена статистическая значимость предложенной классификации состояний (p<0,05) и доказана возможность распределения пациентов по описанным критериям (соотношению показателя максимальной систолической скорости кровотока по кривой средней скорости, Vas) к конкретному классу, соответствующему наибольшему значению функции.
UNASSIGNED: Предложенный способ оценки функционального состояния сосудов тканей пародонта позволяет классифицировать пациентов с высокой точностью и минимумом вероятности ложных результатов, достоверно оценить степень функциональных нарушений, определить прогноз и дальнейшую тактику лечебно-профилактических мероприятий и может быть рекомендован к применению в клинической практике.