背景:加湿器消毒剂(HD)是韩国常用的家用化学品,用于防止加湿器水箱中的微生物生长。越来越多的证据表明,其空气暴露可引起严重的肺损伤。然而,HD用户对其他健康结果的认识一直很低。这项研究旨在评估索赔人提出的与HD暴露增加有关的健康状况。
方法:根据韩国赔偿索赔人个人HD暴露评估的调查数据,我们总共纳入了4,179名受试者[每个数据集中的病例由9个报告的健康状况定义,即,肺炎,哮喘,心血管疾病,呼吸道疾病,耳鼻喉疾病,脑部疾病(包括脑血管疾病),皮肤病,肺癌,和所有癌症]。HD曝光被认为是以下曝光标准:曝光持续时间,曝光接近度,曝光方向,化学类型,累积曝光时间,室内空气浓度,和累积暴露水平。使用Logistic回归模型来评估HD暴露与健康状况之间的关联。
结果:在调整了社会人口统计学和健康行为因素以及其他化学物质暴露(家庭,环境,和职业暴露),累积HD暴露时间的增加与所有9种疾病的风险显著相关(所有p-趋势<0.05).HD暴露持续时间的增加与哮喘有关,呼吸道疾病,耳鼻喉疾病,皮肤病,所有癌症,和肺癌(p趋势<0.05)。室内HD浓度仅与肺炎相关(p趋势=0.015)。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,累积暴露于空气中的HD可能潜在地增加各种报告的健康结果的风险。
Humidifier disinfectants (HDs) were commonly used household chemicals to prevent microbial growth in a humidifier water tank in South Korea. A growing body of evidence has indicated that its airborne exposure can induce severe lung injury. However, there has been low awareness of other health outcomes in HD users. This study aimed to evaluate health conditions appealed by claimants for compensation in relation with an increased exposure to HD.
From survey data of personal HD exposure assessment of claimants for compensation in Korea, we included a total of 4,179 subjects [cases in each dataset were defined by nine reported health conditions, i.e., pneumonia, asthma, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, otorhinolaryngologic disease, brain disease (including cerebrovascular disease), dermatological disease, lung cancer, and all cancers]. HD exposures was considered as the following exposure criteria: exposure duration, exposure proximity, exposure direction, chemical type, cumulative exposure time, indoor air concentration, and cumulative exposure level. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between HD exposure and health conditions.
After adjusting for sociodemographic and health behavioral factors and other chemical exposures (households, environmental, and occupational exposures), an increase in cumulative HD exposure time was significantly associated with risks of all nine diseases (all p-trends < 0.05). An increase in HD exposure duration was associated with asthma, respiratory disease, otorhinolaryngologic disease, dermatological disease, all cancers, and lung cancer (p-trends < 0.05). Indoor HD concentration was associated with only pneumonia (p-trend = 0.015).
Our findings suggest that cumulative exposures to airborne HD might potentially increase the risk of various reported health outcomes.