加湿器消毒剂(HD)是2011年在韩国报道的非典型肺损伤的病原体,迄今为止,已经报告了停止接触后由HD引起的各种疾病。然而,关于大多数报道的疾病与HD暴露的关联的研究有限,有关HD暴露引起的疾病进展的信息也有限。因此,我们研究了吸入HD对大鼠身体的影响。大鼠暴露于0.15、0.50和1.60mg/m3聚六亚甲基胍-磷酸盐(PHMG-p),这是HDs的主要组成部分,与HD相关的肺损伤最密切相关。我们在恢复期(0、4、12和24周)进行了四次尸检,并评估了全身毒性。死亡率有显著变化,体重,和PHMG-p暴露组的食物消耗。血液学显示血红蛋白水平的变化,血细胞比容,红细胞,网织红细胞,和白细胞计数,直到12周的恢复期。PHMG-p诱导凝血酶原时间延迟,直到恢复期的12周。天冬氨酸转氨酶,丙氨酸氨基转移酶,总胆红素,在恢复期的第4周,PHMG-p暴露组的甘油三酯水平高于对照组,这些参数在12周的恢复期后恢复正常。PHMG-p暴露组的组织病理学检查显示肺部有一些变化,包括肺泡巨噬细胞的存在,慢性炎症,鳞状上皮化生,肺泡气肿,和肺纤维化。这些症状的严重程度维持或加剧至24周。总的来说,PHMG-p吸入可以引起肺部不可逆的组织学变化,并在整个身体引起各种类型的损伤,即使在曝光结束后。
Humidifier disinfectant (HD) is a causative agent of atypical lung injury reported in 2011 in South Korea, and various diseases caused by HD after exposure cessation have been reported to date. However, there is limited research on most of the reported diseases in terms of their association with HD exposure, and information on the progression of diseases caused by HD exposure is also limited. Therefore, we investigated the effects of HD inhalation on the body in rats. Rats were exposed to 0.15, 0.50, and 1.60 mg/m3 polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMG-p), which is the major component of HDs and most closely related to HD-associated lung injury. We conducted necropsy four times during the recovery period (0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks) and evaluated general systemic toxicities. There were significant changes in the mortality rate, body weight, and food consumption in the PHMG-p-exposed groups. Hematology revealed changes in hemoglobin level, hematocrit, red blood cell, reticulocyte, and white blood cell counts until 12 weeks of the recovery period. PHMG-p induced a delay in prothrombin time until 12 weeks of the recovery period. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and triglyceride levels were higher in the PHMG-p-exposed groups than in the control group at week 4 of the recovery period, and these parameters normalized after 12 weeks of the recovery period. Histopathological examination in PHMG-p exposed groups revealed several changes in the lungs, including the presence of alveolar macrophages, chronic inflammation, squamous metaplasia, alveolar emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of these symptoms was maintained or exacerbated till 24 weeks. Overall, PHMG-p inhalation can induce irreversible histological changes in the lungs and cause various types of damage throughout the body, even after exposure ends.