Bladder duplication (BD) is a rare malformation that is often associated to other anomalies. We report a newborn diagnosed with BD in the sagittal plane, associated to persistent urogenital sinus (UGS), given the opening of the vagina immediately below the bladder neck. It is the fourth time this association is reported. Surgical repair was made: both bladders were joined, the common channel was left as urethra and the vagina was descended with a vaginoplasty with an intestinal segment. She also presented an anterior anus, that required posterior mobilization. The patient is currently 3 years old with good sphincter control.

Bladder duplication and congenital bladder diverticulum are rare anomalies. We described two boys with rare bladder anomalies found on prenatal ultrasounds. Postnatal investigations and surgical findings confirmed these bladder anomalies. The malformation was associated with other system anomalies. This report of pre- and postnatal imaging with surgical correlation contributes to our understanding about these rare bladder anomalies.

UNASSIGNED: Exstrophy variants are well described urologic anomalies. They are characterized by atypical anatomical and physical findings than those found in patients with classic bladder exstrophy and epispadias malformation. The combination of these anomalies with duplicated phallus is a rare occurrence. Here we present a neonate with a rare form of exstrophy variant associated with penile duplication.
UNASSIGNED: One day old male neonate who was born at term was admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. He had lower abdominal wall defect and open bladder plate with no visible ureteric orifices. There were two completely separate phalluses with penopubic epispadias and urethral orifices draining urine. Both testes were descended. Abdominopelvic ultrasound showed normal upper urinary tract. He was prepared and operated with intra operative finding of complete bladder duplication in the sagittal plane and each bladder has its own ureter. The open bladder plate which had no connection with both ureters and urethras was excised. The pubic symphysis was approximated without osteotomy and abdominal wall was closed. He was immobilized with mummy wrap. He had uneventful post-operative course and was discharged on the 7th post-operative day. He was evaluated on the 3rd month post operatively and he was thriving well with no complications.
UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of a triplicated bladder along with diphallia is an exceptionally rare urologic anomaly. As a number of variations are possible in this spectrum, the management of neonates with this anomaly should be individualized.

The Exstrophy - Epispadias Complex (EEC) is a spectrum of rare congenital malformations involving the urinary, genital and musculoskeletal systems. We present an atypical or variant case of EEC in which a bladder plate is found involving a small omphalocele, separated pubic bones and bladder and urethral duplication. The treatment had a favorable outcome, with bladder control and the child voiding normally. Perhaps the best accepted embryonic theory to explain exstrophy and its variants should be reviewed as it fails to satisfactorily explain the alterations we found.

In a male neonate with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, the most common surgical diagnosis is posterior urethral valves. This case report describes a male infant with the same presentation, but caused by a very uncommon congenital anomaly. The summation of different imaging modalities allowed a multidisciplinary team of colleagues to define the anatomy: bilateral duplex kidneys draining into separate urinary bladders. Only one of the bladders had an outlet, hence the obstructive uropathy to the right kidney led to total loss of function. The distended tortuous ureters produced a mass effect at presentation. This case acts as a reminder that complex congenital anomalies can mimic the presentation of more common conditions, and that they often require input from various specialists to diagnose the condition and guide its management.

Bladder duplication is an extremely rare congenital urinary tract malformation that is often discovered incidentally. Here, we report a case of incomplete bladder duplication diagnosed by SPECT/CT in a 65-y-old man with lung cancer. Compared with the results of whole-body planar bone scintigraphy, this SPECT/CT finding caused the diagnosis to be revised in this patient with suspected bone metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of incomplete bladder duplication discovered by SPECT/CT.

Complete diphallia, a rare urogenital congenital anomaly in which a male is born with two fully formed phalluses, occurs in one out of every five to six million live births. The condition is characterized by two separate phalluses, each of which comprise a pair of corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum with an orthotopic urethra. Approximately 100 cases have been reported worldwide, and it is thought that each case is unique. This article discusses diphallia, urethral duplication, and bladder duplication and concludes with a case study involving a three-year-old male born to consanguineous parents from a small, remote community in Ecuador who underwent surgery for correction of a complete coronal penile and bladder duplication. After consultation, the patient was scheduled for a right penectomy and cystoplasty.

Cloacal exstrophy is the most severe type of anorectal malformations that belongs to the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex of genitourinary malformations. Interestingly, its variant, the covered cloacal exstrophy, is often missed. The clinical findings of this variant may include an imperforate anus, low lying umbilicus, thick pubic bone, and pubic diastasis but with an intact abdominal wall. We present an interesting case of covered cloacal exstrophy with a side-by-side duplicated bladder and discuss important considerations for the time of colostomy creation in the newborn period.

A case of complete bladder duplication with urethra duplication, diphallus, anorectal malformation and rightsided renal agensis with ipsilateral gonadal agenesisis was reported because of its rarity. Possible deranged embryology resulting in these anomalies has been reviewed with relevant hypothesis. The patient underwent several investigations and undergoing multistage surgical intervention.

We report a rare case of incomplete bladder duplication associated with multiple congenital malformation. The patient presented with a symptomatic left pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction which was surgically managed. To the best of our knowledge, this type of bladder duplication with such syndromic association is not yet reported in literature.