■百草枯(N,N-二甲基-4,4-联吡啶二氯化物)是一种非选择性的,快速行动,和接触广泛用于杂草控制的化学除草剂。它具有很高的急性口服毒性,在肺部积聚的能力,中毒后肺纤维化的可能性很高。本系统综述的重点是评估百草枯(PQ)在法医毒理学中的诊断方面。
■根据以下标准对文献进行评估:仅在1971年2月至2022年3月期间发表的人类研究在以下数据库中使用英文:1)Medline/PubMed/MeSH搜索词:(((甲基紫精[标题/摘要])或(百草枯[MeSH术语]))和(法医[标题/摘要]);2)与研究相关的Scopus百草枯,甲基紫精;3)WebofScience。与研究目的相关的关键词包括法医毒理学,百草枯,和甲基紫精。
■共收录了30篇全文文章。我们的审查结果表明,血浆和尿液更多用于鉴定PQ,还有肝脏,肺,胃液在死后病例中很重要。制备方法,包括液-液萃取(LLE),固相萃取,和乙腈沉淀的蛋白质,通常需要去除干扰物质。色谱方法,在其他分析技术中,更敏感,具体,并且适用。
■我们的评论表明血浆,尿液,在采样时,应优先考虑肺部。在许多样品中,固相萃取比LLE具有更好的回收率。比色法今天用得不多,放射免疫分析(RIA)尽管灵敏度高,但应用有限。气相和液相色谱法似乎为分析PQ提供了最佳方法。
UNASSIGNED: Paraquat (N, N-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium dichloride) is a nonselective, fast-acting, and contact chemical herbicide used extensively for weed control. It has high acute oral toxicity, the ability to accumulate in the lungs, and a high potential for pulmonary fibrosis after its intoxication. The present systematic review focuses on evaluating diagnostic aspects of paraquat (PQ) in forensic toxicology.
UNASSIGNED: Evaluation of the literature according to the following criteria: only human studies published from February 1971 to March 2022 which are in English on the following databases: 1) Medline/PubMed/MeSH search words: ((Methyl viologen [Title/Abstract]) OR (paraquat [MeSH Terms])) AND (forensic [Title/Abstract]); 2) Scopus Keywords related to the study aim included forensic toxicology, paraquat, Methyl viologen; 3) Web of Science. Keywords related to the study aim included forensic toxicology, paraquat, and Methyl viologen.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty full-text articles were included. The results of our review indicate plasma and urine are more used for identifying PQ, and liver, lung, and gastric fluid are important in postmortem cases. Preparation methods, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction, and acetonitrile-precipitated protein, are often required for removing interfering substances. Chromatographic methods, among other analytical techniques, are more sensitive, specific, and applicable.
UNASSIGNED: Our review suggests that plasma, urine, and lungs should be prioritized in sampling. Solid-phase extraction has better recovery than LLE in many samples. Colorimetric methods are not used much today, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) has limited application despite its high sensitivity. Gas and liquid chromatography methods appear to offer the best approach for the analysis of PQ.