PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The European Union\'s recent decision to renew the authorization for the use of glyphosate until 15 December 2033 has stimulated scientific discussion all around the world regarding its toxicity or otherwise for humans. Glyphosate is a chemical of which millions of tons have been used in the last 50 years worldwide to dry out weeds in cultivated fields and greenhouses and on roadsides. Concern has been raised in many areas about its possible presence in the food chain and its consequent adverse effects on health. Both aspects that argue in favor of toxicity and those that instead may indicate limited toxicity of glyphosate are discussed here. The widespread debate that has been generated requires further investigations and field measurements to understand glyphosate\'s fate once dispersed in the environment and its concentration in the food chain. Hence, there is a need for validated analytical methods that are available to analysts in the field. In the present review, methods for the analytical determination of glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA, are discussed, with a specific focus on chromatographic techniques applied to cereal products. The experimental procedures are explained in detail, including the cleanup, derivatization, and instrumental conditions, to give the laboratories involved enough information to proceed with the implementation of this line of analysis. The prevalent chromatographic methods used are LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/SIM, and GC-MS/MS, but sufficient indications are also given to those laboratories that wish to use the better performing high-resolution MS or the simpler HPLC-FLD, HPLC-UV, GC-NPD, and GC-FPD techniques for screening purposes. The concentrations of glyphosate from the literature measured in wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats, soybean, and cereal-based foods are reported, together with its regulatory status in various parts of the world and its accumulation mechanism. As for its accumulation in cereals, the available data show that glyphosate tends to accumulate more in wholemeal flours than in refined ones, that its concentration in the product strictly depends on the treatment period (the closer it is to the time of harvesting, the higher the concentration), and that in cold climates, the herbicide tends to persist in the soil for a long time.
摘要：
欧盟最近决定将草甘膦的使用授权延长至2033年12月15日，这激发了全世界关于其毒性或其他对人类的科学讨论。草甘膦是一种化学物质，在过去的50年中，全球已使用数百万吨来干燥耕地和温室以及路边的杂草。在许多领域，人们对它可能在食物链中的存在及其对健康的不利影响表示关注。在这里讨论了支持毒性的两个方面，以及那些可能表明草甘膦毒性有限的方面。已经产生的广泛争论需要进一步调查和实地测量，以了解草甘膦一旦分散在环境中的命运及其在食物链中的浓度。因此，需要该领域的分析师可以使用的经过验证的分析方法。在本次审查中，草甘膦及其主要代谢物的分析测定方法,AMPA,讨论，特别关注应用于谷物产品的色谱技术。实验程序进行了详细的解释，包括清理,衍生化,和仪器条件，为所涉及的实验室提供足够的信息，以继续实施这一分析线。常用的色谱方法是LC-MS/MS，GC-MS/SIM,和GC-MS/MS，但是，对于那些希望使用性能更好的高分辨率MS或更简单的HPLC-FLD的实验室，也有足够的适应症，HPLC-UV,GC-NPD,和用于筛选目的的GC-FPD技术。从文献中测得的小麦中草甘膦的浓度，玉米,大麦,黑麦,燕麦,大豆,据报道，谷物食品，以及它在世界各地的监管地位和积累机制。至于它在谷物中的积累，现有的数据表明，草甘膦倾向于积累更多的全麦面粉比在精制的，它在产品中的浓度严格取决于处理时间（越接近收获时间，浓度越高)，在寒冷的气候下，除草剂往往会在土壤中长时间存在。
