This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of high resolution manometry (HRM) and pH-impedance monitoring metrics in distinguishing between gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-GERD. A retrospective propensity score matching (PSM) study was conducted on 643 patients with GERD symptoms. PSM matched 134 GERD patients with 134 non-GERD controls. Body mass index (BMI), intra-esophageal pressure (IEP) and intra-gastric pressure (IGP) were significantly higher in the GERD group compared to the non-GERD group. BMI was correlated with IEP and IGP positively. IGP was positively correlated with esophagogastric (EGJ) pressure (EGJ-P) in participants with EGJ type 1 and 2, but not in participants with EGJ type 3. BMI was correlated with distal MNBI negatively. Logistic regression showed BMI as an independent risk factor for GERD. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that BMI adjusted EGJ contractile integral (EGJ-CI) and BMI adjusted MNBI were superior to the corresponding original ones in predicting GERD susceptibility. According to the findings, BMI and IGP are the main factors contributing to the development of GERD. BMI affects IEP through the adaptive response of EGJ-P to IGP. Incorporating BMI into the calculations of EGJ-CI and MNBI can improve their ability in predicting GERD susceptibility.

BACKGROUND: Post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) are novel parameters reflect esophageal clearance capacity and mucosal integrity. They hold potential in aiding the recognition of gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC). Our study aims to investigate their diagnostic value in GERC.
METHODS: This study included patients suspected GERC. General information and relevant laboratory examinations were collected, and final diagnosis were determined following guidelines for chronic cough. The parameters of multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) in patients were analyzed and compared to explore their diagnostic value in GERC.
RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were enrolled in this study. The diagnostic value of PSPWI for GERC was significant, with the area under the working curve (AUC) of 0.757 and a cutoff value of 39.4%, which was not statistically different from that of acid exposure time (AET) (p > 0.05). The combined diagnostic value of AET > 4.4% and PSPWI < 39.4% was superior to using AET > 4.4% alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, MNBI and distal MNBI also contributed to the diagnosis of GERC, with AUC values of 0.639 and 0.624, respectively. AET > 4.4% or PSPWI < 39.4% is associated with a 44% reduction in missed diagnoses of non-acid GERC compared to AET > 6.0% or symptom association probability (SAP) ≥ 95%, and may be more favorable for identifying GERC.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of PSPWI for GERC is comparable to that of AET. Combining PSPWI < 39.4% or AET > 4.4% can improve the diagnostic efficiency by reducing the risk of missed diagnoses in cases where non-acid reflux is predominant. Distal MNBI and MNBI can serve as secondary reference indices in the diagnosis of GERC.

暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in post-irradiated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unknown.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 31 NPC and 12 control patients completed questionnaires for GERD/LPR before esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring. The DeMeester score and reflux finding score (RFS) were used to define GERD and LPR, respectively. Risk factors were identified.
RESULTS: 51.6% of NPC and 8.3% of control patients, and 77.4% of NPC and 33% of control patients, were GERD-positive and LPR-positive, respectively. The GERD/LPR questionnaire failed to identify either condition in patients with NPC. No parameter differences in esophageal manometry or pneumonia incidence were noted between GERD/LPR-positive and GERD/LPR-negative patients. Post radiotherapy duration, high BMI, lack of chemotherapy, and dysphagia were positive risk factors for GERD/LPR.
CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of GERD/LPR in patients with post-irradiated NPC exists, but reflux symptoms are inadequate for diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged, and to analyze the characteristics of patients with pneumonia. Methods: Patients who underwent 24-hour laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring from June 2020 to July 2022 and the positive patients of those who underwent 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring from March 2017 to July 2022 at the Second Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Positive results of 24-hour laryngopharyngeal reflux monitoring were in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group, and the negative results were in the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group. Patients with pneumonia and simple gastroesophageal reflux disease were in the esophageal reflux pneumonia group, and patients with pneumonia and simple laryngopharyngeal reflux disease were in the laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group. Patients\' basic data, co-morbidities, drug use and relevant examination and test results were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged and its relationship with pneumonia. Results: A total of 80 patients with 24-hour laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring were enrolled finally, including 34 cases, all male, aged (73±12) years, in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group, and 46 cases [44 males, 2 females, aged (78±11) years] in the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included age ≤70 years (OR=13.07, 95%CI: 2.53-67.68), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.37, each additional 1 kg/m2, 95%CI: 1.03-1.83), use of antipsychotic drugs (OR=8.00, 95%CI: 1.40-45.73) and calcium channel blockers (OR=5.27, 95%CI: 1.13-24.53) (all P<0.05). The protective factors of the laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included antacids (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.04-0.90, P=0.035). The incidence of pneumonia was higher in the laryngopharyngeal reflux group compared with the non-laryngopharyngeal reflux group [44.1% (15/34) vs 21.7% (10/46), P=0.033]. The esophageal reflux pneumonia group included 32 cases [31 males and 1 females, aged (84±12) years]. The laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group included 15 cases [ 15 males, aged (79±11) years]. Compared to the patients in the laryngopharyngeal reflux pneumonia group, the patients in the esophageal reflux pneumonia group had a longer course of antibiotics [(27.7±27.0) vs (14.6±13.9) days, P=0.034], a higher frequency of seizure frequency [(4.3±3.0) vs (1.8±1.5) times/year, P<0.001] and a higher maximal body temperature [(38.2±0.9) vs (37.6±1.1) ℃, P=0.037]. Conclusions: The risk factors of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in the aged included age ≤70 years, higher BMI, use of antipsychotic drugs and calcium channel blockers. The incidence of pneumonia in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease is higher, but the condition of pneumonia is milder.
目的： 探究老年人群咽喉反流性疾病发生的危险因素，并分析合并肺炎患者的临床特征。 方法： 回顾性纳入2020年6月至2022年7月于解放军总医院第二医学中心行24 h咽喉pH值监测的患者，以及2017年3月至2022年7月于该院行24 h食管pH值监测结果阳性的患者。24 h咽喉反流监测结果阳性的为咽喉反流组，阴性者为非咽喉反流组；单纯合并胃食管反流病的肺炎患者为食管反流肺炎组，单纯合并咽喉反流性疾病的肺炎患者为咽喉反流肺炎组。收集患者的基本资料、共患疾病情况、用药情况及相关检查检验结果等。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人群中咽喉反流性疾病的危险因素，并分析其与肺炎发生的关系。 结果： 最终纳入80例24 h咽喉pH值监测的患者，咽喉反流组34例均男性，年龄（73±12）岁；非咽喉反流组46例［男44例，女2例，年龄（78±11岁）］。多因素logistic回归分析显示，老年人群咽喉反流性疾病的危险因素包括≤70岁的人群（OR=13.07，95%CI：2.53~67.68）、体质指数（BMI）（OR=1.37，每增加1 kg/m2，95%CI：1.03~1.83）、服用安定类药物（OR=8.00，95%CI：1.40~45.73）、钙通道阻滞剂（OR=5.27，95%CI：1.13~24.53）均P<0.05；服用抑酸剂（OR=0.19，95%CI：0.04~0.90，P=0.035）是老年人群发生咽喉反流性疾病的保护因素。与非咽喉反流组相比，咽喉反流组的肺炎发生率更高［44.1%（15/34）比21.7%（10/46），P=0.033］。食管反流肺炎组共32例［男31例，女1例，年龄（84±12）岁］；咽喉反流肺炎组共15例［男15例，年龄（79±11）岁］；与咽喉反流肺炎组患者相比，食管反流肺炎组使用抗生素疗程更长［（27.7±27.0）比（14.6±13.9）d，P=0.034］，发生频率更高［（4.3±3.0）比（1.8±1.5）次/年，P<0.001］，最高体温更高［（38.2±0.9）比（37.6±1.1）℃，P=0.037］。 结论： 老年人群咽喉反流性疾病的危险因素包括年龄≤70岁、较高的BMI、服用安定类药物、钙通道阻滞剂。咽喉反流性疾病肺炎发病率更高，但肺炎病情较轻。.

OBJECTIVE: Anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is an emerging and promising endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In the current study we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ARMS in treating Chinese GERD patients.
METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. ARMS was performed in GERD patients by an experienced endoscopist. The patients were required to undergo symptom assessment as well as endoscopic examination, high-resolution manometry (HRM), and impedance-pH monitoring before and after ARMS.
RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled. Follow-up was completed by all patients at 3 and 6 months, 11 patients at 1 year, and 8 patients at 2 years after ARMS, respectively. Symptom improvement was achieved in 66.7%, 75.0%, 72.7%, and 50.0% of the patients at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after ARMS, respectively. Postoperative dysphagia was reported by 25.0%, 25.0%, 27.3%, and 25.0% of patients at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, none of whom required additional invasive treatment. All patients with preoperative esophagitis healed after ARMS. For impedance-pH monitoring parameters, number of acidic reflux episodes and the proportion of patients with acid exposure time (AET) >4.0% decreased significantly after ARMS.
CONCLUSIONS: ARMS was safe and effective in Chinese GERD patients. The efficacy of ARMS was not short-term and remained evident throughout the 2-year follow-up. Further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify our findings.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of symptom questionnaires, sign questionnaires, and the combination of 2 questionnaires for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).
METHODS: Prospective, single-centered.
METHODS: Seventy-seven patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery from October 2022 to April 2023 were included.
METHODS: Included patients completed the RSS, RSI, RSA, and RFS questionnaires and underwent 24-hour hypopharyngeal-esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (HEMII-pH). The RSS, RSI, RSA, RFS, RSS+RSA, RSS+RFS, RSI+RSA, RSI+RFS, and RSI+RFS diagnostic value were compared using Cohen\'s k test and receiver operating characteristic analysis.
RESULTS: Based on the 24 hours HEMII-pH results, 52 patients had LPRD, and 25 patients did not have LPRD. The Kappa values of RSS, RSI, RSA, RFS, RSS+RSA,2 RSS+RFS, RSI+RSA, and RSI+RFS with the 24 hours HEMII-pH monitoring results were 0.565, 0.442, 0.318, 0.431, 0.517, 0.631, 0.451, and 0.461, respectively. The RSS+RFS questionnaire had the highest AUC of 0.836 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.762-0.909) and the RSA questionnaire had the lowest AUC (AUC = 0.665, 95% CI 0.560-0.790). The sensitivity of RSS was the highest (98%), the specificities of RSS+RFS and RSI+RFS were the highest (96%), and the specificity of RSS was the lowest (52%). RSS+RFS had a sensitivity of 75%, second only to RSS and RFS (76%).
CONCLUSIONS: Among the 8 methods, the RSS combined with the RFS had the highest concordance with 24 hours HEMII-pH monitoring results and AUC values when screening for LPRD.

Gastroesophageal reflux-related cough is a multidisciplinary disease that cannot be diagnosed solely based on typical reflux-related symptoms. Its current diagnostic methods and criteria are largely derived from those used for gastroesophageal reflux disease, with slight differences. Esophageal reflux monitoring can provide objective evidence for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux-related cough and is therefore the first-choice of laboratory tests recommended by the guidelines for cough management. Acid exposure time and syndrome association probability have been accepted as the diagnostic criteria, while esophageal motility assessment also has some certain auxiliary diagnostic value. Based on the existing evidence, we have reviewed how to improve the diagnostic methods and criteria for gastroesophageal reflux-related cough, as well as the issues that need to be addressed in the future.
胃食管反流性咳嗽涉及多学科，无法单纯依赖典型反流相关症状识别。现有诊断方法和标准基本参照胃食管反流病，但又有不同之处。食管反流监测能为胃食管反流性咳嗽的诊断提供客观依据，是咳嗽诊治指南推荐的首选辅助检查。食管酸暴露时间和症状相关概率已成为现有的诊断标准，食管动力评估也有一定的辅助诊断价值。结合现有研究，本文探讨了如何改进胃食管反流性咳嗽的诊断方法与标准，并对今后需要解决的问题进行了讨论。.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease has been associated with worse lung transplant outcomes. We aimed to assess local practices for esophageal function testing (EFT) across transplant centers.
This was a survey study of all United Network for Organ Sharing-accredited adult lung transplant centers regarding local EFT practice.
Among 39/63 (60%) responded centers, 38.5% required any EFT (35.9% esophageal manometry, 15.4% pH monitoring, and 28.2% pH impedance), while another 28.2% may consider EFT based on symptoms. Five-year transplant volume was higher among centers requiring EFT (253 vs 159, P = 0.04).
Only a minority of lung transplant centers routinely obtained EFT, supporting the need for guidelines for standardized reflux/esophageal assessment.

The Lyon Consensus provides conclusive criteria for and against the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and adjunctive metrics that consolidate or refute GERD diagnosis when primary criteria are borderline or inconclusive. An international core and working group was assembled to evaluate research since publication of the original Lyon Consensus, and to vote on statements collaboratively developed to update criteria. The Lyon Consensus 2.0 provides a modern definition of actionable GERD, where evidence from oesophageal testing supports revising, escalating or personalising GERD management for the symptomatic patient. Symptoms that have a high versus low likelihood of relationship to reflux episodes are described. Unproven versus proven GERD define diagnostic strategies and testing options. Patients with no prior GERD evidence (unproven GERD) are studied using prolonged wireless pH monitoring or catheter-based pH or pH-monitoring off antisecretory medication, while patients with conclusive GERD evidence (proven GERD) and persisting symptoms are evaluated using pH-impedance monitoring while on optimised antisecretory therapy. The major changes from the original Lyon Consensus criteria include establishment of Los Angeles grade B oesophagitis as conclusive GERD evidence, description of metrics and thresholds to be used with prolonged wireless pH monitoring, and inclusion of parameters useful in diagnosis of refractory GERD when testing is performed on antisecretory therapy in proven GERD. Criteria that have not performed well in the diagnosis of actionable GERD have been retired. Personalisation of investigation and management to each patient\'s unique presentation will optimise GERD diagnosis and management.