WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: In daily psychiatric practice, understanding individuals often involves formulating the clinical case, which may lead to viewing them solely as symptoms to be solved. Consequently, it can be challenging to see the individual beyond their symptoms. However, trying to understand the individual by his/her writings about narratives can offer broader perspectives and extend beyond being a medium for patients to express their experiences. On understanding writing, hermeneutics will be a resourceful method. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study aims to propose a reevaluation of the nature of therapeutic communication among individuals with schizophrenia, psychiatrists, and psychiatric nurses by interpreting their writings on the same written narratives through a hermeneutic analysis. Our study has unique features compared to previous studies on communication between mental health professionals and patients. We directly investigated the act of understanding through the writings of the three groups of participants. The participants were also engaged in reading and writing about the narratives instead of relying on clinical interviews or self-report questionnaires. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first hermeneutic study to examine the nature of reflection while all three groups encounter the same narratives as readers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The results point to the need for psychiatrists/psychiatric nurses to develop new perspectives and skills in understanding/interacting with individuals with schizophrenia. Our study could be a pioneer sample in applying hermeneutics as a prevailing method to mental health nursing practice.
UNASSIGNED: INTRODUCTION: Understanding individuals with schizophrenia is an essential but challenging phenomenon in psychiatry.
OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a reevaluation of the nature of therapeutic communication among individuals with schizophrenia, psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses by interpreting their writings on the same written narratives through a hermeneutic analysis.
METHODS: In this study, employing a qualitative descriptive methodology utilising hermeneutic analysis, participants read the five narratives, wrote down their opinions on each narratives and answered nine questions to express their own personal writing experiences.
RESULTS: Participants from each group acted as both \'readers\' and \'authors\' while rewriting the selected five short narratives based on their own sense of readings. The expression, rewriting refers to the act of reading and written interpretations of participants and researchers in this study. While individuals with schizophrenia primarily focused on the text (narrative) in their readings and writings, psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses tended to focus on reader (themselves) in their interpretations.
CONCLUSIONS: Although reading should be approached as a process of discovery rather than merely seeking predetermined knowledge, psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses read the narratives as if the author were a patient or as the signs of an illness.
CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the need for psychiatrists/psychiatric nurses to develop new perspectives and skills in understanding and interacting with individuals with schizophrenia.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Family resilience is an important determinant of family caregivers\' coping with difficulties of life and stress effectively. Family resilience factors contribute to the family\'s adaptation to difficulties. From the perspective of the individual living with schizophrenia and family, family resilience focuses not on the losses experienced but on the strengths. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Many factors such as routines, positive cognitions, intra-family communication, family support and love as a healing force that contribute to family resilience were identified from the common perspective of the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia-family caregiver dyads. The climate of love within the family is an important strength both for the patient diagnosed with schizophrenia and for the family caregivers. Mutual support between family members, their listening to each other and sharing experiences with each other during this disease process are therapeutic for both parties and make them resilient. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Family resilience factors should be considered in planning psychosocial interventions to be applied to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and family caregivers. The clinical use of psychosocial support interventions in family resilience which help both the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia and the family caregivers to gain a positive perspective, to improve their problem-solving skills, and to support each other within the family should be expanded. Displaying approaches aimed at increasing the climate of love and strengthening correct communication techniques within the family towards both the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia and the family caregiver should be supported. Psychiatric nurses\' focusing on family resilience from a systemic perspective in chronic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia strengthens the patient and the family. This perspective focuses on functional dimensions and protects mental health despite existing problems.
UNASSIGNED: INTRODUCTION: Family resilience is one of the important concepts that should be addressed in chronic mental illnesses.
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating family resilience experiences from the perspective of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia-family caregiver dyads.
METHODS: The study was conducted in the Adult Psychiatry inpatient and outpatient unit of a university hospital in a province in western Turkey using the phenomenological method. By using the purposeful sampling method, 20 participants were selected in the study. Of them, 10 were family caregivers and 10 were patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The results of the study were analysed with a dyadic approach within the framework of key processes of Walsh family resilience model. The directed content analysis method was used to analyse the data obtained from the study. COREQ checklist was used to report the research.
RESULTS: After the analysis, the following five main themes emerged: positive cognitions, routines, family support, intra-family communication and love as a healing force.
CONCLUSIONS: Family resilience is a structure shaped by the relationship between family members. The factors that contribute to the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia-caregiver dyads\' ability to overcome difficulties in family resilience are discussed in line with the relevant literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Intervention programs should be implemented to create an environment of love by improving relationships and communication in the family, improving problem solving and increasing support resources.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the current status of decent work among psychiatric nurses and analyze its influencing factors.
METHODS: In February 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of 358 nurses from a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Data were collected using a custom-made nurse demographic scale to gather demographic information. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) was used to assess the imbalance between effort and reward through the effort-reward ratio (ERR). The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) measured subjective support, objective support, and support utilization. The Decent Work Perception Scale (DWPS) was used to evaluate nurses\' perceptions of decent work. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson\'s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed for data analysis.
RESULTS: The study found that the correlation between decent work and social support was positive (r = 0.360, p < 0.001), while it was negative for effort-reward imbalance (r = -0.584, p < 0.001). Factors influencing perceptions of decent work included years of work experience (β = -0.164, p = 0.046 for < 5 years; β = -0.157, p = 0.040 for > 25 years), social support (β = 0.259, p < 0.001), and the effort-reward imbalance (β=-0.458, p < 0.001). These factors collectively explained 40.2% of the variance in perceptions of decent work. Furthermore, social support plays a mediating role between effort-reward imbalance and decent work (β=-0.062, Bootstrap 95% CI: -0.107, -0.023).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that years of work experience, social support, and the effort-reward imbalance are factors influencing decent work among psychiatric nurses. By offering career development opportunities, fostering supportive work environments, and ensuring fair compensation, we can empower psychiatric nurses to navigate job challenges effectively and sustain a sense of decency in their work.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of the ECOEnfSM scale as a tool to assess the professional competencies of Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (MHNP) in their clinical practice.
METHODS: A pilot study, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional, focuses on MHNP who have completed their Specialized Health Training Program (SHTP) in Spain. The data were collected by general and collaborators mentors of the Multiprofessional Teaching Units (MTUs). The Mental Health Nursing Competency Assessment Tool (ECOEnfSM) was used, which consists of three subscales and eight Competence Units (CU). A reliability and validity analysis were conducted (Cronbach\'s alpha and Spearman\'s correlation coefficient).
RESULTS: The Rotation Assessment subscales showed excellent reliability (r > 0.90) with high and very high correlations (r > 0.6) in all UCs with high levels of significance (P < .01). The Annual Assessment subscale showed good reliability (r > 0.80) with a medium and very high correlation (r > 0.4) with high levels of significance (P < .01). All UCs showed a good to excellent consistency (r > 0.80). The \"Home Visits\" assessment criterion showed heterogeneity of data due to there are few MTUs that fully develop it.
CONCLUSIONS: The ECOEnfSM scale showed very high reliability in MHNP during their training program in Spain. The ECOEnfSM is considered the only objective tool in Spain to assess the professional competencies in this population.

Overnight observations of mental health inpatients have been criticised for interrupting inpatients\' sleep and potentially undermining recovery. No studies have examined the perceptions of mental health nurses who complete overnight observations, limiting key information necessary to guide improvements. This study aims to understand mental health nurses\' perceptions on overnight observations and views on practice re-evaluations, as well as assess whether nurses\' perceptions align with inpatients as reported in previous research. To fulfil the aims ten mental health nurses working on mental health inpatient units engaged in semi-structured interviews which were analysed using Content Analysis. Nine themes were identified and grouped into three categories: (1) staff and inpatient experiences, (2) impacts on treatment, recovery, and risk management, and (3) opinions on change. Majority of participants were critical of overnight observations, describing their negative impacts on inpatients\' sleep and wellbeing. This aligns with previously reported inpatient views. There is scope for reassessment on how overnight observations are conducted to promote inpatients\' sleep, recovery, and safety.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical use of psychotropic medications involves diverse risks, addressable by nursing interventions. The research had a dual purpose: developing an \"Evidence-Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline\" and a \"Medication Administration-Tracking Chart\" and evaluating their use through an evaluative case study.
METHODS: Evidence-based guideline and chart development and evaluative case study. Initially, Evidence-Based Medication Therapy Management Guideline and Medication Administration Tracking Chart for managing medication in a psychiatric unit were developed. Subsequently, their efficacy was evaluated in a case study involving 10 participating nurses used in the psychiatric unit with 123-bed of a training and research hospital in Turkey. Data was collected through personal forms, interviews, medication charts, and researcher observations, and the analysis employed Merriam\'s case study method.
RESULTS: Three themes (inception, implementation, termination, and sustainers) and 12 sub-themes emerged. Nurses stated that the research tools filled their information gaps, enhancing the medication therapy management process\'s effectiveness and safety, improving nursing care quality and continuity, and benefiting patient outcomes. Nurses expressed a desire to consistently use the tools in the unit and provided suggestions.
CONCLUSIONS: Nurses highlighted the tools\' potential to enhance medication safety, psychiatric care, and patient outcomes. However, their stance on using evidence-based tools revealed an approach/avoidance conflict, balancing benefits and barriers. Experience emerged as a hindrance in embracing evidence-based clinical tools. This study is among the first to comprehensively develop evidence-based medication management guideline and administration-tracking chart for psychiatric nurses globally and in our country. Routine use of the tools is expected to enhance nurses\' expertise in psychotropic medication management, leading to improved patient outcomes in medication-related aspects.

Internationally there are both current and looming mental health workforce shortages. Mental health nurses who have received specialist education are a vital component to respond to these challenges.
OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study aimed to better understand the efficacy and product quality of mental health nurse workforce preparation through pre-registration nurse education in Australia.
METHODS: To meet this aim 19 educators representing 13 different universities were qualitatively interviewed.
RESULTS: Thematic analysis found four themes (1) Graduates are under-prepared for safe mental health nurse practice; (2) Essential mental health nurse capabilities are missing in graduates; (3) Barriers to graduate preparation, and (4) Negative impacts of inadequate graduate preparation.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest future workforce shortages would be best addressed through direct undergraduate entry for mental health nursing Implications for Practice: All nurse undergraduate training needs significantly enhanced mental health theory and placement within the course.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a brief family psychoeducation (BFP) programme provided by psychiatric visiting nurses on caregiver burden of family caregivers of people with schizophrenia through a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT).
METHODS: The study was a two-arm, parallel-group cRCT. Forty-seven psychiatric visiting nurse agencies were randomly allocated to the BFP programme group (intervention group) or treatment as usual group (TAU; control group). Caregivers of people with schizophrenia were recruited by psychiatric visiting nurses using a randomly ordered list. The primary outcome was caregiver burden, measured using the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview. Outcome assessments were conducted at baseline, 1-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted to examine the effects of the BFP programme on caregiver burden.
RESULTS: Thirty-four psychiatric visiting nurse agencies and 83 family caregivers of people with schizophrenia participated in the study. The participant attrition rate was less than 20%. Adherence to the program was 100%. Compared with TAU group, the BFP programme group had decreased caregiver burden. However, this improvement was not significant at 1-month follow-up (adjusted mean difference [aMD] = 0.27, 95% CI = - 5.48 to 6.03, p = 0.93, d = 0.01) or 6-month follow-up (aMD = - 2.12, 95% CI = - 7.80 to 3.56, p = 0.45, d = 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS: The BFP programme provided by psychiatric visiting nurses did not achieve significant decreases in caregiver burden. This result may be attributed to the difficulty in continuing the research due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which prevented us from achieving the targeted sample size necessary to meet the statistical power requirements, as well as to the participation of caregivers with relatively low burden. However, the program had the advantage of high adherence to treatment plan. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample size and a more diverse sample that includes caregivers with a higher care burden.
BACKGROUND: The study protocol was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000038044) on 2019/09/18.

UNASSIGNED: Ambiguous loss refers to the lack of clear information about the fate of a missing person or object.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to examine in-depth the experiences of earthquake victims regarding the methods of coping with the uncertain losses they experienced after the Kahramanmaraş-based earthquake disaster on February 6, 2023.
UNASSIGNED: In this qualitative study conducted using phenomenological research design, the snowball sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews of approximately 30 to 40 minutes were conducted with 20 earthquake victims reached by this method. Colaizzi\'s phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained. Data were collected by COREQ criteria.
UNASSIGNED: According to the results of the analysis, three main categories (inner journey and emotional transformation, bridges of solidarity built on destruction, and change and growth in life perspectives) and nine themes (whispers coming from under the rubble, the reaction of facing ambiguity, mental labyrinths in the search for meaning, hearts united amid destruction, the search for meaning in ambiguity and ways out of spiritual wreckage, growth among the rubble, and the value of transience and new horizons rising from the ruins) emerged.
UNASSIGNED: The research reveals that the coping methods adopted by earthquake victims in the face of personal and objective ambiguous losses range from spirituality to social support mechanisms.
UNASSIGNED: In line with the results obtained from the findings, it is suggested that the coping strategies of earthquake victims should be strengthened, and new methods should be developed.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Dual diagnosis is one of the leading causes of disability globally. There is limited evidence on mental health nurses\' attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis. WHAT DOES THE PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Mental health nurses have positive attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis. A positive attitude at work is influenced by various factors, including feeling that one\'s role is appropriate and legitimate. This also includes receiving support in that role, being motivated to work, having confidence in completing tasks and feeling satisfied with one\'s job.
UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND: Dual diagnosis is a global health concern. This descriptive research assessed mental health nurses\' attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis in Australian mental health settings. The research question was: What is the attitude of mental health nurses towards consumers with co-existing mental health and drug and alcohol problems?
METHODS: This cross-sectional survey included 103 mental health nurses who work with consumers with dual diagnosis. Participants were recruited from various mental health settings through convenience sampling. The Comorbidity Problems Perceptions Questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Descriptive data and multiple regression analyses were conducted. We utilized the consensus-based checklist for reporting results of this study.
RESULTS: Mental health nurses positively perceived consumers with dual diagnosis. Factors associated with a positive attitude were a higher level of work experience, feeling that one\'s role is adequate, perceiving one\'s role as legitimate, receiving increased support in one\'s position, having high work motivation, possessing high task-specific self-esteem and experiencing higher levels of work satisfaction. Work experience predicted role adequacy. Position predicted role support. The work sector predicted role-related self-esteem.
CONCLUSIONS: As mental health nurses gain work experience; they develop positive attitudes that boost their self-esteem and sense of importance towards consumers with dual diagnosis. This constructive mindset also positively affects their work motivation and job satisfaction towards consumers with dual diagnosis. Conducting interventional studies is necessary to examine how clinical experiences, work environments, and job positions can impact attitudes, aiming to improve mental health nursing interventions towards consumers with dual diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The study found that mental health nurses\' positive attitudes towards consumers with dual-diagnosis are influenced by their experience and knowledge. Moreover, mental health nurses who feel supported, motivated and confident in their roles are more likely to provide high-quality care to consumers with dual diagnosis. Mental health nurses could provide better care and support if they took a proactive approach and addressed the challenges associated with this consumer population. To be successful in their roles, mental health nurses require access to resources and support from healthcare organizations. As a result, their job satisfaction and attitudes towards consumers with dual diagnosis will be enhanced. In this way, consumers as well as healthcare organizations will benefit.