目的:本研究旨在调查精神科护士体面劳动现状并分析其影响因素。
方法:2024年2月,对杭州某三级甲等精神病医院358名护士进行了整群抽样的横断面研究,浙江省,中国。使用定制的护士人口统计量表收集数据以收集人口统计信息。努力-回报失衡问卷(ERIQ)用于通过努力-回报比(ERR)评估努力与回报之间的不平衡。社会支持评定量表(SSRS)衡量的是主观支持,客观支持,并支持利用。体面工作感知量表(DWPS)用于评估护士对体面工作的感知。T-tests,单向方差分析,皮尔逊相关分析,采用多元线性回归分析进行数据分析。
结果:研究发现体面工作与社会支持呈正相关(r=0.360,p<0.001),而努力奖励失衡为负(r=-0.584,p<0.001)。影响对体面工作的看法的因素包括多年的工作经验(β=-0.164,p=0.046,<5年;β=-0.157,p=0.040,>25年),社会支持(β=0.259,p<0.001),和努力-回报失衡(β=-0.458,p<0.001)。这些因素共同解释了对体面工作的看法差异的40.2%。此外,社会支持在努力-回报失衡和体面工作之间起中介作用(β=-0.062,Bootstrap95%CI:-0.107,-0.023)。
结论:研究结果表明,多年的工作经验,社会支持,努力-回报失衡是影响精神科护士体面工作的因素。通过提供职业发展机会,培养支持性的工作环境,并确保公平的赔偿,我们可以授权精神科护士有效地应对工作挑战,并在工作中保持体面。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the current status of decent work among psychiatric nurses and analyze its influencing factors.
METHODS: In February 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of 358 nurses from a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province,
China. Data were collected using a custom-made nurse demographic scale to gather demographic information. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) was used to assess the imbalance between effort and reward through the effort-reward ratio (ERR). The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) measured subjective support, objective support, and support utilization. The Decent Work Perception Scale (DWPS) was used to evaluate nurses\' perceptions of decent work. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson\'s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed for data analysis.
RESULTS: The study found that the correlation between decent work and social support was positive (r = 0.360, p < 0.001), while it was negative for effort-reward imbalance (r = -0.584, p < 0.001). Factors influencing perceptions of decent work included years of work experience (β = -0.164, p = 0.046 for < 5 years; β = -0.157, p = 0.040 for > 25 years), social support (β = 0.259, p < 0.001), and the effort-reward imbalance (β=-0.458, p < 0.001). These factors collectively explained 40.2% of the variance in perceptions of decent work. Furthermore, social support plays a mediating role between effort-reward imbalance and decent work (β=-0.062, Bootstrap 95% CI: -0.107, -0.023).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that years of work experience, social support, and the effort-reward imbalance are factors influencing decent work among psychiatric nurses. By offering career development opportunities, fostering supportive work environments, and ensuring fair compensation, we can empower psychiatric nurses to navigate job challenges effectively and sustain a sense of decency in their work.