BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated.
METHODS: Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture.
RESULTS: Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis.

UNASSIGNED: To examine the influence of hirudotherapy on parameters of oxidative stress.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 29 to September 29, 2021, at the Alanya Research and Training Hospital\'s Traditional and Complementary Medicine Application Centre, Turkey, and comprised adult volunteers of either gender. The participants were subjected to two sessions of hirudotherapy 4 weeks apart. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index values, ischaemia-modified albumin level, paraoxonase 1, disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, and arylesterase levels were assessed at baseline and after the second hirudotherapy session. Data was analysed using SPSS 15.
RESULTS: Of the 50 subjects, 30(60%) were females and 20(40%) were males. The overall mean age was 47.10±15.16 years. Oxidative stress, ischaemia-modified albumin and disulfide levels decreased, but not significantly (p>0.05). The reduction in disulfide levels was significant (p=0.021).
CONCLUSIONS: Hirudotherapy, within its limitations, could reduce oxidative stress.

Parabens are being used as preservatives due to their antifungal and antimicrobial effects. They are emerging as aquatic pollutants due to their excessive use in many products. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of ethyl paraben (C9H10O3) on the hematobiochemical, histological, oxidative, and anti-oxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity; the study also evaluates the potential of ethyl paraben to cause genotoxicity in Rohu Labeo rohita. A number of 15 fish with an average weight of 35.45±1.34g were placed in each group and exposed to ethyl paraben for 21 days. Three different concentrations of ethyl paraben, i.e., T1 (2000μg/L), T2 (4000 μg/L), andT3 (6000 μg/L) on which fish were exposed as compared to the control T0 (0.00 μg/L). Blood was used for hematobiochemical and comet assay. Gills, kidneys, and liver were removed for histological alterations. The results showed a significant rise in all hemato-biochemical parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, PLT count, blood sugar, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels directed the hepatocytic damage. Histological alterations in the liver, gills and kidneys of fish were found. Ethylparaben induces oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD, GSH, CAT and POD. Based on the comet assay, DNA damage was also observed in blood cells, resulting in genotoxicity. Findings from the present study indicate that ethyl paraben induces hemato-biochemical alterations, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity.

Natural sesquiterpenoid lactones are prominent scaffolds in drug discovery. Despite the progress made in their synthesis, their extensive oxidative decoration makes their chemo- and stereoselective syntheses highly challenging. Herein, we report our effort to mimic part of the oxidase phase used in the costunolide pathway to achieve the protecting-group-free total synthesis of santamarine, dehydrocostus lactone, estafiatin, and nine more related natural sesquiterpenoid lactones by using dioxygen as the sole oxidant.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with oxidative stress. Oxidation Balance Score (OBS) can evaluate the oxidation and antioxidant status of the body. However, we found no studies that examined the association between the two.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between OBS and COPD prevalence, and to explore dietary and lifestyle patterns aimed at preventing and delay COPD in adults.
METHODS: We included 13,909 participants using data from the NHANES. Weighted logistic regression model and weighted restricted cubic spline curve were used to explore the relationship between OBS and COPD. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to determine the stability of results. Mediation analysis was employed to assess the effect of inflammatory factors.
RESULTS: In logistic regression model, compared with the lowest quartile of OBS, the highest quartile of OBS, diet OBS, lifestyle OBS and COPD had odd ratios OR(95%CI)=0.67 (0.51, 0.89), OR (95% CI) = 0.71 (0.55, 0.93), and OR (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.26, 0.58) respectively. The restricted cubic spline curve reveals that OBS and dietary OBS exhibit an L-shaped curve in relation to COPD prevalence, while lifestyle OBS shows a negative correlation curve with COPD prevalence. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis proved the robustness of the association. Mediation analysis demonstrated that inflammatory factors mediate the association of OBS on the prevalence of COPD.
CONCLUSIONS: The increase of OBS, dietary OBS, and lifestyle OBS was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of COPD, but excessive OBS and dietary OBS were associated with an inapparent decrease or even increased risk of COPD.

UNASSIGNED: Air pollution risk assessments do not generally quantify health impacts using multipollutant risk estimates, but instead use results from single-pollutant or copollutant models. Multipollutant epidemiological models account for pollutant interactions and joint effects but can be computationally complex and data intensive. Risk estimates from multipollutant studies are therefore challenging to implement in the quantification of health impacts.
UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to conduct a case study using a developmental multipollutant version of the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to estimate the health impact associated with changes in multiple air pollutants using both a single and multipollutant approach.
UNASSIGNED: BenMAP-CE was used to estimate the change in the number of pediatric asthma emergency department (ED) visits attributable to simulated changes in air pollution between 2011 and 2025 in Atlanta, Georgia, applying risk estimates from an epidemiological study that examined short-term single-pollutant and multipollutant (with and without first-order interactions) exposures. Analyses examined individual pollutants (i.e., ozone, fine particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter components) and combinations of these pollutants meant to represent shared properties or predefined sources (i.e., oxidant gases, secondary pollutants, traffic, power plant, and criteria pollutants). Comparisons were made between multipollutant health impact functions (HIF) and the sum of single-pollutant HIFs for the individual pollutants that constitute the respective pollutant groups.
UNASSIGNED: Photochemical modeling predicted large decreases in most of the examined pollutant concentrations between 2011 and 2025 based on sector specific (i.e., source-based) estimates of growth and anticipated controls. Estimated number of avoided asthma ED visits attributable to any given multipollutant group were generally higher when using results from models that included interaction terms in comparison with those that did not. We estimated the greatest number of avoided pediatric asthma ED visits for pollutant groups that include NO2 (i. e., criteria pollutants, oxidants, and traffic pollutants). In models that accounted for interaction, year-round estimates for pollutant groups that included NO2 ranged from 27.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6, 52.7; traffic pollutants] to 55.4 (95% CI: 41.8, 69.0; oxidants) avoided pediatric asthma ED visits. Year-round results using multipollutant risk estimates with interaction were comparable to the sum of the single-pollutant results corresponding to most multipollutant groups [e.g., 52.9 (95% CI: 43.6, 62.2) for oxidants] but were notably lower than the sum of the single-pollutant results for some pollutant groups [e.g., 77.5 (95% CI: 66.0, 89.0) for traffic pollutants].
UNASSIGNED: Performing a multipollutant health impact assessment is technically feasible but computationally complex. It requires time, resources, and detailed input parameters not commonly reported in air pollution epidemiological studies. Results estimated using the sum of single-pollutant models are comparable to those quantified using a multipollutant model. Although limited to a single study and location, assessing the trade-offs between a multipollutant and single-pollutant approach is warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12969.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate changes in oxidant status using thiol/disulfide homeostasis in mothers and fetuses after induction of labor with slow-release vaginal dinoprostone inserts.
METHODS: A total of 70 pregnant women were divided into two groups. Thirty-five women in whom labor was induced with slow-release vaginal dinoprostone inserts (10 mg of prostaglandin E2, group A) were compared before and after the administration. The other 35 women, who were followed up spontaneously during labor (group B), were included as a control group. Both groups were diagnosed with isolated oligohydramnios without signs of placental insufficiency. The thiol/disulfide homeostasis parameters were calculated before medical induction and after removal of the insert at the beginning of the active phase of labor. Maternal and cord blood values were measured in both groups.
RESULTS: Although the balance shifted to the antioxidant side after the slow-release vaginal dinoprostone insert was applied, there was no significant difference in maternal oxidative load compared to the pre-application status (5.32 ± 014/5.16 ± 0.15, p = 0.491). Despite the shift toward the antioxidant side, maternal antioxidants were still significantly lower in the group that received slow-release vaginal dinoprostone at the beginning of the active phase of labor than in the control group (295.98 ± 13.03/346.47 ± 12.04, respectively, p = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of oxidative balance or newborn Apgar score ( p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Induction of labor with slow-release vaginal dinoprostone inserts in pregnancies with isolated oligohydramnios does not cause further oxidative stress and is safe for both mothers and neonates in terms of oxidant load by thiol/disulfide homeostasis.

BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges of many societies in reducing and ageing of the population is marriage at an advanced age in women and decrease of producing offspring due to the concern of increasing the probability of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The mother\'s oxidative stress conditions during pregnancy affect mothers and their baby\'s health. Aging is one of the increasing factors of oxidants in the body. Aim of this study is the compartion total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidants status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in three groups of mothers with different age ranges from 20 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 45 years old.
METHODS: 164 pregnant women were grouped according to age into three groups: 25 to 30 (group I), 30 to 35 (group II), and 35 to 45 years old (group III). The umbilical cord blood samples were taken to the assay TAC, TOS, and OSI (TOS/TAC). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normal distribution of countinus variables. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare anthropometric and biochemical factors between groups.
RESULTS: TAC levels decreased non-significantly (438.2 ± 102; 431.7 ± 99.8; and 428.2 ± 100.26 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.99), TOS levels increased significantly (23.93 ± 11.7; 25.4 ± 12.3; and 28.2 ± 12.7 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.034), and OSI increased non-significantly with increasing maternal age (0.055 ± 0.044; 0.091 ± 0.031; 0.069 ± 0.005, for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.14). Increasing age did not significantly affects the maternal and infant birth outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the increasing the age of the mother up to 45 doesn\'t have a significant effects on the value of OSI and the maternal and infant outcomes.

UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress due to iron accumulation in patients with beta-thalassemia major (BTM) causes complications such as tissue damage and destruction. This study aimed to assess the association between the serum prooxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and blood parameters in patients with BTM.
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study included 92 patients with BTM. In this study, PAB was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum ferritin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), complete blood cell count (CBC), and history of blood transfusion were recorded. The association of the blood parameters was assessed across the tertiles (T) of serum PAB (highest T vs. lowest T).
UNASSIGNED: The results showed that high serum ferritin was directly associated with serum PAB [odds ratio (OR), 12.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.98‒54.91; T3 vs. T1]. Also, direct associations were found for high TC (OR, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.42‒17.32; T3 vs. T1), high ALT (OR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.33‒18.46; T3 vs. T1) and high TSH (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.10‒13.02; T3 vs. T1).
UNASSIGNED: The findings of the present study showed that serum PAB levels were directly associated with ferritin, ALT, TC, and TSH levels. This indicates that improvements in blood parameters, especially ferritin and TSH levels, occur by ameliorating oxidative stress in patients with BTM.

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS), a common genetic disorder, leads to various physical, cognitive, and developmental challenges. The supplementary copy of chromosome 21 introduces an abundance of genes, which potentially can influence metabolic irregularities. The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive comparative assessment of oxidative stress indicators (TAS, TOS, OSI), BMI, fasting glucose, and insulin levels, HOMA-IR among children and adolescents with DS in contrast to their non-DS siblings.
METHODS: and the control group (CG) comprised 20 individuals, siblings of SG (mean age 15.92 years). Anthropometric measurements were conducted. TAS, TOS, fasting glucose, and insulin were assessed. BMI, BMI SDS, OSI and HOMA-IR were calculated.
RESULTS: SG vs. CG: BMI - overweight (29,19% vs. 15%), obese (19,05% vs. 5%); TAS (1.92 mmol/l vs. 1.79 mmol/l (p = 0.0015)); TOS (51.52 mmol/l vs. 33.05 mmol/l (p = 0.014)); OSI (2475.02 vs. 1949,75 (p = 0.038)); no significant differences in fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Statistically significant correlations in SG: TOS and BMI, BMI SDS, HOMA-IR; OSI and BMI, BMI SDS, HOMA-IR; HOMA-IR and BMI SDS; fasting insulin and BMI PC; in CG: TAS and BMI; fasting glucose and fasting insulin.
CONCLUSIONS: The research results indicate differences in metabolic processes between the group of individuals with DS compared to the CG, despite shared environmental conditions. The presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21 may contribute to the occurrence of metabolic disorders. These findings emphasize the need for further research that will lead to a better understanding of these relationships and contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategies.