BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated.
METHODS: Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture.
RESULTS: Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis.

Natural sesquiterpenoid lactones are prominent scaffolds in drug discovery. Despite the progress made in their synthesis, their extensive oxidative decoration makes their chemo- and stereoselective syntheses highly challenging. Herein, we report our effort to mimic part of the oxidase phase used in the costunolide pathway to achieve the protecting-group-free total synthesis of santamarine, dehydrocostus lactone, estafiatin, and nine more related natural sesquiterpenoid lactones by using dioxygen as the sole oxidant.

UNASSIGNED: Air pollution risk assessments do not generally quantify health impacts using multipollutant risk estimates, but instead use results from single-pollutant or copollutant models. Multipollutant epidemiological models account for pollutant interactions and joint effects but can be computationally complex and data intensive. Risk estimates from multipollutant studies are therefore challenging to implement in the quantification of health impacts.
UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to conduct a case study using a developmental multipollutant version of the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to estimate the health impact associated with changes in multiple air pollutants using both a single and multipollutant approach.
UNASSIGNED: BenMAP-CE was used to estimate the change in the number of pediatric asthma emergency department (ED) visits attributable to simulated changes in air pollution between 2011 and 2025 in Atlanta, Georgia, applying risk estimates from an epidemiological study that examined short-term single-pollutant and multipollutant (with and without first-order interactions) exposures. Analyses examined individual pollutants (i.e., ozone, fine particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter components) and combinations of these pollutants meant to represent shared properties or predefined sources (i.e., oxidant gases, secondary pollutants, traffic, power plant, and criteria pollutants). Comparisons were made between multipollutant health impact functions (HIF) and the sum of single-pollutant HIFs for the individual pollutants that constitute the respective pollutant groups.
UNASSIGNED: Photochemical modeling predicted large decreases in most of the examined pollutant concentrations between 2011 and 2025 based on sector specific (i.e., source-based) estimates of growth and anticipated controls. Estimated number of avoided asthma ED visits attributable to any given multipollutant group were generally higher when using results from models that included interaction terms in comparison with those that did not. We estimated the greatest number of avoided pediatric asthma ED visits for pollutant groups that include NO2 (i. e., criteria pollutants, oxidants, and traffic pollutants). In models that accounted for interaction, year-round estimates for pollutant groups that included NO2 ranged from 27.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6, 52.7; traffic pollutants] to 55.4 (95% CI: 41.8, 69.0; oxidants) avoided pediatric asthma ED visits. Year-round results using multipollutant risk estimates with interaction were comparable to the sum of the single-pollutant results corresponding to most multipollutant groups [e.g., 52.9 (95% CI: 43.6, 62.2) for oxidants] but were notably lower than the sum of the single-pollutant results for some pollutant groups [e.g., 77.5 (95% CI: 66.0, 89.0) for traffic pollutants].
UNASSIGNED: Performing a multipollutant health impact assessment is technically feasible but computationally complex. It requires time, resources, and detailed input parameters not commonly reported in air pollution epidemiological studies. Results estimated using the sum of single-pollutant models are comparable to those quantified using a multipollutant model. Although limited to a single study and location, assessing the trade-offs between a multipollutant and single-pollutant approach is warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12969.

BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges of many societies in reducing and ageing of the population is marriage at an advanced age in women and decrease of producing offspring due to the concern of increasing the probability of maternal and neonatal outcomes. The mother\'s oxidative stress conditions during pregnancy affect mothers and their baby\'s health. Aging is one of the increasing factors of oxidants in the body. Aim of this study is the compartion total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidants status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) values, and maternal and neonatal outcomes in three groups of mothers with different age ranges from 20 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 to 45 years old.
METHODS: 164 pregnant women were grouped according to age into three groups: 25 to 30 (group I), 30 to 35 (group II), and 35 to 45 years old (group III). The umbilical cord blood samples were taken to the assay TAC, TOS, and OSI (TOS/TAC). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normal distribution of countinus variables. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare anthropometric and biochemical factors between groups.
RESULTS: TAC levels decreased non-significantly (438.2 ± 102; 431.7 ± 99.8; and 428.2 ± 100.26 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.99), TOS levels increased significantly (23.93 ± 11.7; 25.4 ± 12.3; and 28.2 ± 12.7 for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.034), and OSI increased non-significantly with increasing maternal age (0.055 ± 0.044; 0.091 ± 0.031; 0.069 ± 0.005, for groups I, II, and III respectively, P value = 0.14). Increasing age did not significantly affects the maternal and infant birth outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the increasing the age of the mother up to 45 doesn\'t have a significant effects on the value of OSI and the maternal and infant outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: It is established that the balance of serum thiols is disrupted in favor of oxidants in coronary artery disease, and the cardiopulmonary bypass pump used during coronary artery bypass surgery disrupts this balance in favor of oxidants. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of remifentanil or dexmedetomidine on thiol-disulfide balance and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels during on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
METHODS: A total of 100 patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery between May 2018 and December 2018 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: the remifentanil group (Group R) and the dexmedetomidine group (Group D). Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients after induction of anesthesia [Time 1 (T-1)], then after cross-clamping of the aorta (T-2), after removal of the cross-clamp (T-3), 10 minutes after the end of protamine infusion (T-4), and 24 hours postoperatively (T-5). Serum total thiol, native thiol, disulfide, and PON-1 levels were evaluated.
RESULTS: Total thiol, disulfide, PON-1, native thiol/total thiol, total thiol/disulfide, and native thiol/disulfide levels were similar between the two groups. Native thiol levels were statistically significantly higher in group D compared to group R at T-3 and T-5 (p = 0.017 and p = 0.027, respectively). When T-1 and T-5 times were compared in intragroup measurements, disulfide levels were significantly lower, and native thiol/total thiol ratios were significantly higher at T-5 (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in light of the data obtained from this study, it can be concluded that dexmedetomidine used during surgery has a better contribution to oxidant-antioxidant balance than remifentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with the on-pump method.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent chronic disease of the oral cavity that affects 5-25 % of the population with a plethora of predisposing factors. Despite its equivocal etiology, immune alterations, hematologic deficiencies and oxidative stress has been reported to be significant etiologic factors. Stress and obesity are other environmental factors that have been studied to understand associations with RAS.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association of stress, hematologic parameters, oxidative indices and other selected salivary factors in a case control study on RAS Methods: Twenty-two participants each in both case and control groups were recruited with saliva and serum samples collected from them after a self-administered Recent Life Changing Questionnaire (RLCQ). OHI-S and salivary flow rate (SFR) were calculated with selected hematologic parameters and oxidative indices such as Total oxidant (TOS) and anti-oxidant (TAS) levels and their ratio - Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). Anti-oxidative indices of Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity (GsPHx) were also estimated.
RESULTS: The RAS group had a significantly higher RLCQ scores at a median of 145 more than the control (57.5). There was no significant in their obesity indices, however there was a significant higher mean in the ESR (p< 0.0001) and Vit B12 (p = 0.0001); OHI-S was also significantly higher in the RAS group with a median of 1.65. Both the salivary and serum TOS were significantly higher in the RAS (10.0 ± 3.8, 15.4 ± 8.9) compared to the control group (7.92 ± 1.49, 9.56 ± 3.5). GsPHx activity was significantly higher in both the saliva and serum in the control group (0.08 ± 0.08, 0.19 ± 0.11) while nil significant difference was found in the FRAP activity. Regression showed most important variables to be the salivary GsPHx activity, followed by serum OSI and GsPHx activity.
CONCLUSIONS: The oxidative indices of TOS, TAS and GsPHx can serve as significant biomarkers in detecting RAS. This further corroborates the role of immune dysregulation in the etiology and predisposition to RAS.

Male infertility is a global public health issue, but studies on the correlation between the dietary components and sperm quality showed inconclusive results due to the heterogeneous population with different dietary habits and environmental stimuli. Herein, the correlation of dietary macro- and micro-mineral intake was evaluated with quality/quantity and oxidant/antioxidant status of seminal fluid in infertile compared to the healthy men. One hundred twenty men attending to the infertility clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan City were enrolled. Seminal fluid was extracted, and groups were categorized into the infertile (non-standard) and normal (standard) groups based on the WHO, 2020 criteria. Food frequency questionnaire was completed. Seminal malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by ELISA kit based on the manufacture\'s instruction. An independent sample t-test was used to determine differences between the two groups, and linear regression model was used to determine the effect of each dietary macro/micro mineral intake on these parameters. Adjusting for all parameters, dietary selenium increased 3.7-folds the seminal TAC level (p=0.04) and decreased sperm with non-progressive motility by 2.4-folds (p=0.04). Higher manganese intake increased the sperm count by 7.8-folds (p=0.005). Dietary copper decreased sperm vitality and increased sperm with slow motility (OR= -1.7, 95% CI= -59.8, -9.9; p=0.007). Dietary zinc (OR=1.24, p=0.01) and iron (OR=1.5, p=0.02) showed a positive effect on sperm vitality. None of macro and micro minerals showed a significant effect on the seminal MDA level. Daily intake of adequate amounts of micro and macro minerals improves sperm quality and increases the antioxidant capacity of the seminal fluid; however, copper showed a negative correlation that must be evaluated in future studies.

This study aimed to compare oxidant and antioxidant substance accumulation in the liver tissues of patients with chronic liver disease (recipients) who underwent liver transplantation (LT) with living liver donors (LLDs) who underwent living donor hepatectomy (LDH).
This prospective study included 160 recipients (LT group) and 40 LLDs (LLD group). During surgery, a piece of liver tissue measuring a minimum of 10 × 10 mm was obtained from the edge of the right lobe of the liver of recipients and LLDs, incubated for 10 min in saline to remove blood, and stored at -70 °C until biochemical analysis was performed. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), prolidase, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels were measured in stored liver tissues.
There was a statistically significant difference between LT and LLD groups in terms of age (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.019), GSH-Px (p < 0.001), SOD (p = 0.001), MPO (p < 0.001), prolidase (p < 0.001), GSH (p < 0.001), and MDA (p = 0.003) values in favor of the LT group. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between LT and LLD groups in terms of CAT (p < 0.001), TAS (p < 0.001), TOS (p < 0.001), OSI (p < 0.001), total thiol (p < 0.001), native thiol (p < 0.001), and disulfide (p < 0.001) values in favor of the LLD group. There were no differences between the groups in terms of sex.
This study demonstrated that it is possible to assess the extent of oxidative stress in liver tissues by measuring the levels of antioxidant enzymes, oxidants, or the end-products of oxidative stress. With the use of optimum and minimally invasive methods, quantifying these molecules will potentially help evaluate the extent of liver disease and prognostication of liver cirrhosis.

Air pollution, which results in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been identified as a cause of renal function decline and a contributor to CKD. However, the results of cross-sectional studies investigating personal, integrated biomarkers of PAHs have been mixed. Longitudinal studies may be better suited to evaluate environmental drivers of kidney decline. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of serially measured urinary PAH metabolites with clinical and subclinical measures of kidney function over time among children with CKD.
This study was conducted among 618 participants in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, a cohort study of pediatric patients with CKD from the United States and Canada, between 2005 and 2015. In serially collected urine samples over time, nine PAH metabolites were measured. Clinical outcomes measured annually included eGFR, proteinuria, and BP. Subclinical biomarkers of tubular injury (kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1] and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) and oxidant stress (8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and F2-isoprostane) were assayed in urine samples.
Children were followed over an average (SD) of 3.0 (1.6) years and 2469 study visits (mean±SD, 4.0±1.6). Hydroxynaphthalene (NAP) or hydroxyphenanthrene (PHEN) metabolites were detected in >99% of samples and NAP concentrations were greater than PHEN concentrations. PHEN metabolites, driven by 3-PHEN, were associated with increased eGFR and reduced proteinuria, diastolic BP z-score, and NGAL concentrations over time. However, PAH metabolites were consistently associated with increased KIM-1 and 8-OHdG concentrations.
Among children with CKD, these findings provoke the potential explanation of reverse causation, where renal function affects measured biomarker concentrations, even in the setting of a longitudinal study. Additional work is needed to determine if elevated KIM-1 and 8-OHdG excretion reflects site-specific injury to the proximal tubule mediated by low-grade oxidant stress.

Aromatic amines, the widely used raw materials in industry, cause long-term exposure to human bodies. They can be metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form active electrophilic compounds, which will potentially react with nucleophilic DNA to exert carcinogenesis. The short lifetime and versatility of the oxidant (a high-valent iron (IV)-oxo species, compound I) of P450 enzymes prompts us to use theoretical methods to investigate the metabolism of aromatic amines. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to simulate the hydroxylation metabolism through H-abstraction and to calculate the activation energy of this reaction for 28 aromatic amines. The results indicate that the steric effects, inductive effects and conjugative effects greatly contribute to the metabolism activity of the chemicals. The further correlation reveals that the dissociation energy of -NH2 (BDEN-H) can successfully predict the time-consuming calculated activation energy (R2 for aromatic and heteroaromatic amines are 0.93 and 0.86, respectively), so BDEN-H can be taken as a key parameter to characterize the relative stability of aromatic amines in P450 enzymes and further to quickly assess their potential toxicity. The validation results prove such relationship has good statistical performance (qcv2 for aromatic and heteroaromatic amines are 0.95 and 0.90, respectively) and can be used to other aromatic amines in the application domain, greatly reducing computational cost and providing useful support for experimental research.