Research examining the relationship between a neighborhood\'s built-environment and resident health or health-related outcomes has largely either focused on static characteristics using a cross-sectional research design or focuses on the neighborhood in its entirety. Such an approach makes it difficult to understand how specific dynamic neighborhood characteristics are associated with individual well-being. In this analysis, we use longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Research on Neighborhood Change and Health (PHRESH) studies to assess the relationship between publicly funded neighborhood investments occurring across seven years (2011-2018) on five health-related outcomes: food insecurity, stress, perceived neighborhood safety, neighborhood satisfaction, and dietary quality. We additionally utilize this dataset to determine whether the distance between an individual\'s place of residence and the investment, as measured at the neighborhood, 1 mile, and ½ mile level, effects the magnitude of associations. Using individual and year fixed effects models, we find that when measured at the neighborhood level, a one standard deviation increase in investments (about $130 million dollars) is associated with decreased food insecurity (-0.294 sd), increased safety (0.231 sd), and increased neighborhood satisfaction (0.201 sd) among adults who remain in the study for at least two waves of data collection. We also analyze specific investment types and find that commercial investments are largely driving the changes in food insecurity, safety, and neighborhood satisfaction, while business investments are correlated with the decrease in stress. We find no relationship between investments and dietary quality.

OBJECTIVE: To develop composite measures of neighborhood economic factors for use with the national Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) database in cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of the social determinants of health.
METHODS: Secondary data analysis of administrative data from the 2009, 2014, and 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates and survey data collected for the SCIMS database.
METHODS: Community INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable PARTICIPANTS: The validity of the neighborhood economic measures developed from the ACS data was tested with a sample of SCIMS participants who completed a follow-up interview between 2017-2021 (N=8,130). The predictive validity of the neighborhood measures was assessed with a subsample of cases with complete data on the outcome and covariate measures (N=6,457).
METHODS: A binary measure of self-rated health status (1=poor/fair health; 0=good/very good/excellent), RESULTS: A combination of panel review and data reduction techniques yielded two distinct measuring neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage that were validated using three waves of ACS data and the SCIMS data. The odds of reporting poor health were lower among people living in moderate and high SES neighborhoods and highest among people living in moderately and highly disadvantaged neighborhoods. The negative association between neighborhood SES and poor health was fully attenuated by differences in participants\' individual demographic and economic characteristics whereas the positive association between neighborhood disadvantage and poor health persisted after adjusting for individual differences.
CONCLUSIONS: The two composite measures of neighborhood economic factors developed by this study are robust in samples from different periods of time and valid for use with the SCIMS database. Future investigations conducting surveillance of the needs of the SCI population using this resource may consider using these measures to assess the impact of the social determinants of health in outcomes after SCI.

UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoking is the major preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States. Attempting to quit smoking is an important step toward smoking cessation. Although it has been studied extensively, limited information on the association between attempts to quit smoking and neighborhood air quality problems is available. Therefore, we examined the association between attempts to quit smoking in the past year and perceived neighborhood air quality problems among adult Texans who smoke.
UNASSIGNED: In 2018, a cross-sectional multistage area probability design-based survey was administered to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related information from a representative sample of 2050 Texas residents. The current study included 486 adult respondents who reported smoking within the past 12 months. The association between attempts to quit smoking and perceived neighborhood air quality (measured by self-reported problems with neighborhood air quality) was examined using a population-weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 60.7% of the 486 respondents attempted to quit cigarette smoking. The prevalence of attempting to quit was 74.6% for those reporting perceived neighborhood air quality problems. In the multivariable analysis, a higher likelihood of attempting to quit smoking was found among individuals with perceived neighborhood air quality problems (AOR: 1.906 [1.104-3.289]) and those who were married or living as married (AOR: 1.876 [1.161-3.033]). The likelihood of attempts to quit smoking was lower among males (AOR: 0.629 [0.397-0.995]) and decreased with age (AOR: 0.968 [0.951-0.984]).
UNASSIGNED: The perceived neighborhood air quality problems were found to independently predict attempts to quit cigarette smoking in Texas. To encourage quitting smoking among individuals living in neighborhoods with poor air quality, such neighborhoods should receive tailored and evidence-based interventions to improve community education, social support, and healthcare professionals\' assistance to quit smoking.

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Engaging in one\'s neighborhood fosters independence, promotes social connectedness, improves quality of life, and increases life expectancy in older adults. There is a lack of evidence synthesis on immigrant older adults\' neighborhood perceptions and experiences, essential for addressing neighborhood-level influences on aging in place. This study systematically synthesizes qualitative evidence on immigrant older adults\' perceptions and experiences of their neighborhoods. A comprehensive search was conducted from inception to 5 April 2023, in multiple databases. This review considered studies including immigrant older adults aged ≥60 years, included studies from any country where the neighborhood was the focus, and only considered qualitative data while excluding review studies, theoretical publications, and protocols. Eligible studies were appraised using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregation approach was used to synthesize findings, and the ConQual approach established confidence in the synthesis. A total of 30 studies were included. Most studies were conducted in North America and explored phenomena such as aging in place, social capital, social cohesion, sense of community, and life satisfaction. Key contextual factors were walkable safe access to social spaces, accessible transportation to amenities, social cohesion with neighbors, and pre-migration neighborhood experiences. Immigrant older adults have varied experiences related to their sense of belonging and social cohesion. Factors such as racial discrimination, feeling unsafe, and social isolation contributed to negative perceptions. This review highlights the need for inclusive neighborhoods that align with the needs and values of immigrant older adults aging in place.

Locality-based social media (LBSM) allow members of the community to exchange news, connect with local people, and raise awareness of problems such as crime. This study aims to better understand the influence of LBSM on perceptions of community crime, safety, and crime prevention. Drawing on survey data from 1000 Australians, we assess the extent to which frequency of exposure to crime on LBSM and intensity of engagement on LBSM influence perceptions of crime, safety, and offline crime prevention behaviors. LBSM content creators perceive less crime and feel safer compared to individuals who only consume content on LBSM. Creators of content are also more likely than consumers to engage in offline crime prevention action. Our findings highlight the need to encourage more balanced engagement across all members of community social media. Smaller groups that contain only local residents may be best suited to achieve this outcome.

UNASSIGNED: On average, adults racialized as non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic sleep more poorly than adults racialized as non-Hispanic White (hereafter, Black, Hispanic, White), but associations between factors that may moderate sleep-memory associations in these groups, such as neighborhood conditions, are unclear. Poorer neighborhood conditions (e.g. lower neighborhood cohesion) may be negatively associated with sleep quality and multiplicatively influence sleep-memory associations. We hypothesized lower ratings of neighborhood conditions would be associated with poorer sleep quality and moderate the association between sleep quality and episodic memory, especially in Black and Hispanic adults, who are disproportionately situated in poor neighborhood conditions.
UNASSIGNED: Seven-hundred-thirty-six adults across the adult lifespan (27-89 years) were recruited from the northern Manhattan community as a part of the Offspring Study of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Alzheimer\'s disease. Sleep quality was assessed using a modified version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and episodic memory was evaluated with the Buschke Selective Reminding Test. With multiple regression models, we measured associations between perceived neighborhood conditions and sleep quality and the interaction between sleep quality and neighborhood conditions on episodic memory stratified by racial/ethnic and gender identity groups.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, poorer neighborhood conditions were associated with poorer sleep quality. In Black and Hispanic women, the sleep-memory association was moderated by neighborhood conditions. With more favorable neighborhood conditions, Black women showed an association between higher sleep quality and higher memory performance, and Hispanic women showed a protective effect of neighborhood (higher memory even when sleep quality was poor).
UNASSIGNED: Poorer neighborhood experiences may contribute to poorer sleep quality across groups. In Black and Hispanic women, the association between sleep quality and episodic memory performance was dependent upon neighborhood conditions. These findings may inform tailored, structural level sleep interventions, aimed to improve neighborhood experiences and thereby sleep quality and episodic memory.

Barbershops and beauty salons provide community-specific opportunities to engage in cardiovascular disease screening and prevention. This editorial articulates the advantages of what is termed the \"barbershop paradigm,\" the community-engaged endeavor that leverages familiarity, trust, and stakeholder engagement to advance cardiovascular health. The authors summarize the neighborhood-based factors that contribute to cardiovascular health, and then identify the strategies implemented by ShopTalk and their specific advantages.

Despite the association of neighborhood quality with poorer adult health, limited research has explored the association between neighborhood disadvantage, e.g. Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and older Black adults\' health, prospectively. This observational study examined the association between ADI and changes in longitudinal physical health within older Black adults. The analytic sample (n = 317) included data from waves 1 & 2 of the Baltimore Study of Black Aging: Patterns of Cognitive Aging (BSBA-PCA). Study variables included the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), objective (e.g. average heart rate) and subjective (e.g. activities of daily living) measures of physical health. Multiple linear regression models were conducted controlling for sociodemographic and social support characteristics. Participants living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods, based on national and state ADIs, were more likely to have a decreasing heart rate even after adjusting for covariates. Likewise, participants reporting increasing levels of ADL difficulty were living in a neighborhood with greater disadvantage based on national and state ADI rankings. Significant social support received and ADI (national and state) interactions were observed for average heart rate. The findings suggest that research on the effect of neighborhood quality and social support can enhance our understanding of its impact on older Black adults\' health prospectively.

UNASSIGNED: Research suggests that the neighborhood in which people live can be a risk or protective factor for various health outcomes, including cognitive decline to Alzheimer\'s disease. Similar to the impact of neighborhood on health outcomes, sleep difficulties have been linked to cognitive function in older adults. However, few studies have examined how neighborhood physical disorders moderate the effects of sleep on subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
UNASSIGNED: The study examined the moderating effect of neighborhood factors on the relationship between sleep difficulties and SCD.
UNASSIGNED: Data were obtained from 2,494 respondents (1,065 males and 1,429 females) from Wave 11 of the National Health and Aging Trends (NHATS) data. Sleep difficulties were operationalized as the presence of difficulties in falling and staying asleep. Neighborhood physical disorder (e.g., vandalism, graffiti) was based on interviewer observations of respondents\' neighborhoods. SCD was operationalized as subjective reports of increasing or worse memory loss in the past 12 months and present memory rating. We utilized Linear regression to test neighborhood physical disorder as a moderator of the relationship between sleep difficulties and SCD.
UNASSIGNED: We found a significant interaction between sleep difficulties and neighborhood physical disorder on SCD (β=0.046, p = 0.031, 95% CI[0.00,0.51], p < 0.001). Participants who reported higher average sleep difficulties and higher levels of neighborhood physical disorder were more likely to report SCD.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings add to inform future health interventions and policy recommendations that address modifiable sources of cognitive decline and risk of Alzheimer\'s disease.