Orienteering is an outdoor activity wherein participants use a map and compass to locate control points and choose the quickest path to the next control point in a natural environment. Attentional focus, rapid decision-making, and high aerobic fitness may influence orienteering performance. Therefore, this research aimed to seek international orienteering expert consensus regarding the definition, development, causes, influences and methods to reduce mental fatigue (MF) in orienteering based on practical experience. Following ethical approval, a three-round Delphi survey was conducted online with twenty-four orienteering coaches and athletes (or former athletes) from 10 different countries with international orienteering competition experience. The threshold of consensus was ≥ 70% agreement among respondents. The experts agreed that MF exists in daily life and orienteering with a substantial negative effect on their conscious decision-making performance and psychological responses. The experts disagreed that the form of MF that athletes experienced in orienteering training are similar to the competition. However, there was no agreement that MF would impact endurance and high-speed running performance during orienteering. This research refines the definition of MF and summarises the distinctions in what causes MF in orienteering training and competition, implying that MF should be addressed separately.

UNASSIGNED: This is a narrative review with the objective to discuss available assistive technologies for spinal surgery. Characteristics, costs, and compatibility of the different systems are summarized and recommendations made regarding acquiring these technologies. The availability of assistive technologies in spine surgery continues to evolve rapidly. The literature is lacking a collective summary of the available technologies and guidelines for acquisition. This is a narrative review which (I) presents an up-to-date summary of the currently available assistive technologies in spinal surgery; (II) makes comment on the utility of imaging, navigation, and robotics; (III) makes recommendations for the utility of the platform based on hospital size and (IV) discuss factors involved in negotiating for the purchase of these new technologies.
UNASSIGNED: We assemble the most up-to-date collection of description, characteristics and pricing of assistive technologies in spinal surgery. We compare and contrast these technologies and make recommendations regarding acquisition.
UNASSIGNED: These technologies require a learning-curve for the surgeon and the operating room staff to understand how to use them efficiently. Surgeons need to be involved in the process of purchase decisions. Surgeons occupy a unique position in the health care infrastructure as their approach to care has significant ramifications on both the quality and cost of care. Surgeons should maintain conviction that their training and practice has allowed the use of these technologies to provide safer and more effective care for patients.
UNASSIGNED: Assistive technologies and prostheses for spinal fusion are evolving rapidly. This article serves as an encompassing reference to the current technologies. These technologies will play a significant role in the delivery of spinal health care in the future. All stakeholders stand to benefit from the increased value these technologies bring to patient care.

The zygoma is located in the medial and lateral parts of the face, supporting the midfacial contour. The forward projection of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch expose them to frequent injury. Fractures of the zygoma can lead to displacement of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch, causing facial collapse deformity. For delayed zygomatic fractures, the loss of normal anatomical landmarks, caused by the malunion of the fracture lines and remodeling of the bony contour, makes it difficult to determine the correct positions of the zygomatic bones. In such cases, using traditional surgical methods, ideal and steady outcomes with satisfactory midface symmetry have been difficult to obtain. Nowadays, the application of digital surgical software and surgical navigation help surgeons to perform accurate preoperative simulations to obtain ideal 3-dimensional (3D) virtual surgical plans, and achieve accurate reduction by intraoperative navigation systems, which increase the accuracy and predictability of fracture reduction outcomes. Experts from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Committee of the Chinese Stomatological Association have fully discussed and formulated an expert consensus on navigation-guided unilateral delayed zygomatic fracture reconstruction techniques, to standardize the clinical operation procedures and promote the application.
颧骨位于面中外侧部，支撑面中部轮廓，位置突出，易受外伤形成骨折。颧骨骨折发生移位后可造成面部塌陷畸形。当颧骨颧弓骨折治疗不及时成为陈旧性骨折时，由于骨质改建、错位愈合，手术复位时缺少可参照的断面解剖标记，术后很难取得良好的面中部轮廓的三维对称效果，传统手术方法治疗效果不稳定。随着数字外科技术的应用，在手术导航的辅助下，可以在术前实现面部头颅的三维重建，虚拟设计规划，通过导航引导手术使手术方案得以精准实施，从而达到精确、可控的骨折复位效果。中华口腔医学会口腔颌面外科专业委员会组织专家经过充分讨论，制定了导航引导单侧陈旧性颧骨骨折整复术技术流程及操作的专家共识，以规范该技术的临床操作流程，促进其推广应用。.

The range of assistive technology options available for spinal fusion surgery has significantly increased. However, surgeons and hospital administrators may lack sufficient information to compare options and make purchasing decisions. We summarize currently available navigation, robotics, and imaging technologies for spinal surgery, highlighting key characteristics, utility, differences, price, and compatibility with other technologies and spinal implants. Guidelines for optimal use and combinations are provided based on surgical approach, operative site, patient anatomy, optimal image quality, and workflow efficiency. Key recommendations include the following. (I) Open-platform navigation and robotics systems that provide surgeons with access to all software and hardware features regardless of implant choice are preferred. (II) Imaging systems that have maximum compatibility with navigation and robotics platforms are optimal. (III) Navigation systems that offer a universal registration mechanism should be standard. (IV) 3D fluoroscopy provides the greatest benefit when speed, operative efficiency, and mobility are required. (V) Intraoperative CT is more useful for imaging long constructs, high BMI, or cervicothoracic anatomy. (VI) Radiation safety awareness that new 3D-fluoroscopy units can deliver radiation comparable to that of CT is needed. (VII) New robotic arm platforms require more clinical and health economic data to justify increased costs.

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