背景:色素性接触性皮炎(PCD),一种罕见的非湿疹性接触性皮炎,临床特征是面部和颈部突然出现棕色或灰色色素沉着。据推测是由反复接触低水平的过敏原引起的。
目的:本研究评估了韩国PCD患者使用染发剂的风险。
方法:回顾性招募了来自31所大学医院的1,033例PCD患者和1,366例对照。我们收集并分析了患者组的数据,通过PCD的典型临床表现诊断,和对照组,其中包括年龄/性别匹配的患者,他们去过参与医院,患有除当前过敏性疾病或PCD以外的先前存在的皮肤病。
结果:黄褐斑和光敏性在对照组中明显更常见,接触性皮炎病史在PCD组中更为常见。PCD组的FitzpatrickV型皮肤参与者明显多于对照组。两组之间的防晒霜使用没有显着差异。使用皮肤病学病史,Fitzpatrick皮肤类型,防晒霜用作协变量,我们发现使用染发剂具有较高的PCD风险(调整前的比值比[OR]:2.06,置信区间(CI):1.60-2.65;调整后的OR:2.74,CI:1.88-4.00).此外,指甲花使用者患PCD的风险较高(调整前OR:5.51,CI:4.07-7.47;调整后OR:7.02,CI:4.59-10.74),表明使用指甲花染料的PCD风险显着增加。接触性皮炎病史在指甲花使用者中比在PCD组中使用其他染发剂的人更普遍(17.23%vs.11.55%)。
结论:染发剂的使用是PCD的危险因素。当那些有接触性皮炎病史的人使用指甲花染发剂时,风险显着增加。
BACKGROUND: Pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), a rare variant of non-eczematous contact dermatitis, is clinically characterized by sudden-onset brown or grey pigmentation on the face and neck. It is hypothesized to be caused by repeated contact with low levels of allergens.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the risk of using hair dyes in patients with PCD in Korea.
METHODS: A total of 1033 PCD patients and 1366 controls from 31 university hospitals were retrospectively recruited. We collected and analysed the data from the patient group, diagnosed through typical clinical findings of PCD and the control group, which comprised age/sex-matched patients who visited the participating hospitals with pre-existing skin diseases other than current allergic disease or PCD.
RESULTS: Melasma and photosensitivity were significantly more common in the control group, and a history of contact dermatitis was more common in the PCD group. There were significantly more Fitzpatrick skin type V participants in the PCD group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in sunscreen use between the groups. Using dermatologic medical history, Fitzpatrick skin type and sunscreen use as covariates, we showed that hair dye use carried a higher PCD risk (odds ratio [OR] before adjustment: 2.06, confidence interval [CI]: 1.60-2.65; OR after adjustment: 2.74, CI: 1.88-4.00). Moreover, henna users had a higher risk of PCD (OR before adjustment: 5.51, CI: 4.07-7.47; OR after adjustment: 7.02, CI: 4.59-10.74), indicating a significant increase in the risk of PCD with henna dye use. Contact dermatitis history was more prevalent in henna users than in those using other hair dyes in the PCD group (17.23% vs. 11.55%).
CONCLUSIONS: Hair dye use is a risk factor for PCD. The risk significantly increased when henna hair dye was used by those with a history of contact dermatitis.