从人体皮肤表面容易接触到汗水。它由内分泌腺体分泌,含有丰富的生理信息,包括代谢产物和电解质,如葡萄糖和钠离子。汗水是一种特别有用的生物流体,因为它容易和非侵入性的访问,与其他生物流体不同,像血一样.另一方面,在过去的10年里,纳米材料已经开始显示出作为生物传感器和分子传感器的竞争性替代品的前景。在研究最多的合成纳米材料中,应用,并讨论,碳纳米材料是特殊的。它们是传感器应用的理想候选者,因为它们具有许多固有的电特性,磁性,和光学特性;它们的化学多样性和操作的简单性;它们的生物相容性;以及它们作为化学抗性平台的有效性。碳纳米纤维(CNFs),碳点(CD),碳纳米管(CNTs),和石墨烯作为分子传感器或作为可以集成到设备中的组件进行了深入的研究。在这次审查中,我们总结了碳纳米材料作为汗液传感器的最新进展,并考虑了如何利用它们来检测汗液中的各种分析物,如葡萄糖,离子,乳酸,皮质醇,尿酸,和pH。
Sweat is easily accessible from the human skin\'s surface. It is secreted by the eccrine glands and contains a wealth of physiological information, including metabolites and electrolytes like glucose and Na ions.
Sweat is a particularly useful biofluid because of its easy and non-invasive access, unlike other biofluids, like blood. On the other hand, nanomaterials have started to show promise operation as a competitive substitute for biosensors and molecular sensors throughout the last 10 years. Among the most synthetic nanomaterials that are studied, applied, and discussed, carbon nanomaterials are special. They are desirable candidates for sensor applications because of their many intrinsic electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics; their chemical diversity and simplicity of manipulation; their biocompatibility; and their effectiveness as a chemically resistant platform. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene have been intensively investigated as molecular sensors or as components that can be integrated into devices. In this
review, we summarize recent advances in the use of carbon nanomaterials as
sweat sensors and consider how they can be utilized to detect a diverse range of analytes in
sweat, such as glucose, ions, lactate, cortisol, uric acid, and pH.