过敏及其表现在1870年代首次受到重视。今天,特定物质引起过敏反应的机制仍然知之甚少。从医疗保健的角度来看,这是有问题的,因为过敏性疾病的流行及其社会成本是巨大的。关于对过敏的机械理解,一个新的提议,阿卡里假说,已转发。假设,出于对alpha-gal综合征的考虑,假设acarians,即,螨虫和蜱,是过敏的手术剂。通过它们的致病性有效载荷和唾液模式识别受体,Acarians在人类宿主中增强了针对Acarian饮食元素的IgE生成。这些元素占了大部分,如果不是全部,已知的人类过敏原。由于人与人的相互作用发生在人的上皮表面,可以预期的是,影响在这些表面上出现和/或操作的因素会影响过敏性疾病的表达。在这份报告中,有人提出卡他林灵长类动物的两种适应,即,旧世界的猴子,猿类和人类,进化来阻止acarian物种:首先,内分泌腺体在整个体表区域的扩张,and,其次,那些腺体分泌的汗液。减少和/或破坏内分泌腺体运作的当代卫生习惯可能是当今过敏性疾病增加的原因。
Allergy and its manifestations were first appreciated in the 1870 s. Today, the mechanism by which specific substances elicit allergic reactions remains poorly understood. This is problematic from a healthcare perspective because the prevalence of allergic disease and its societal costs are substantial. Regarding mechanistic understanding of allergy, a new proposal, The Acari Hypothesis, has been forwarded. The Hypothesis, borne from consideration of alpha-gal syndrome, postulates that acarians, i.e., mites and ticks, are operative agents of allergy. By way of their pathogenic payloads and salivary pattern recognition receptor(s), acarians potentiate in human hosts the generation of IgE against acarian dietary elements. Those elements account for most, if not all, known human allergens. Inasmuch as acarian-human interactions occur on human epithelial surfaces, it is to be expected factors that influence the presence and/or operation of acarians on those surfaces influence the expression of allergic diseases. In this report, it is proposed that two adaptations of catarrhine primates, i.e., Old World monkeys, apes and humans, evolved to deter acarian species: firstly, the expansion of eccrine glands across the entirety of body surface area, and, secondly, the secretion of
sweat by those glands. Contemporary hygienic practices that reduce and/or disrupt the operation of eccrine glands are likely responsible for the increase in allergic disease seen today.