贫血对不同的社会经济群体构成了重大的医疗保健挑战,并可能通过产生自由基和脂质过氧化而导致生殖系统损害。本研究考察了槲皮素(QUE)和米氮平(MIR)对苯肼(PHZ)引起的小鼠生殖损伤的保护作用。50只NMRI小鼠,8至10周龄,平均体重27.0±2.0克,随机分为五组。对照组(组1)口服给药10mL/kg/天的生理盐水。第2组(PHZ组)接受8mg/100g体重的PHZ的初始腹膜内剂量,然后是每48小时6mg/100g的后续剂量。第3组以50mg/kg/天的剂量接受PHZ和口服QUE。第4组以30mg/kg/天的剂量接受PHZ和口服MIR。第5组接受PHZ以及50mg/kg/天剂量的口服QUE和30mg/kg/天剂量的MIR。治疗时间为35天。从安乐死后的附睾尾部收集精子样本,以评估总平均精子数量,精子活力,运动性,DNA损伤,和形态学。睾丸组织用于量化总抗氧化能力(TAC),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx),丙二醛(MDA)浓度,而血清睾酮水平,黄体生成素(LH),和卵泡刺激素(FSH)进行分析。此外,各个方面,包括睾丸组织病理学,氧化酶水平,与凋亡和抗凋亡途径相关的基因表达,和体内生育指数,35天后进行评估。QUE,MIR,QUE+MIR组表现出较少的异常形态和DNA损伤,以及更好的总和渐进精子运动,运动性特征,生存能力,和质膜功能与PHZ组相比。QUE,MIR,QUE+MIR管理增加了TAC,SOD,和睾丸组织中的GPx活性,同时与PHZ组相比降低MDA水平。此外,QUE,MIR,QUE+MIR显著降低了Bax,和caspase-3表达水平,Bcl-2表达水平增加,与PHZ组相比。用QUE处理的小鼠,MIR,与PHZ组相比,QUEMIR和QUEMIR显示体内生育力指数和血浆性激素水平升高。这些结果表明,QUE,MIR,QUE+MIR也许能够提高生育指数,增强睾丸抗氧化防御系统,控制生殖细胞的死亡.这可能意味着它们可用于治疗患有PHZ诱导的睾丸损伤的小鼠。
Anemia poses a significant healthcare challenge across different socioeconomic groups and can result in reproductive system damage through the generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. This
study examines the protective effects of quercetin (QUE) and mirtazapine (MIR) against the reproductive damage caused by phenylhydrazine (PHZ) in mice. Fifty NMRI mice, aged 8-10 weeks with an average weight of 27.0 ± 2.0 g, were randomly divided into five groups. The control group (Group 1) received oral administration of 10 mL/kg/day of normal saline. Group 2 (PHZ group) received an initial intraperitoneal dose of 8 mg/100 g body weight of PHZ, followed by subsequent doses of 6 mg/100 g every 48 h. Group 3 received PHZ along with oral QUE at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day. Group 4 received PHZ along with oral MIR at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day. Group 5 received PHZ along with oral QUE at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day and MIR at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day. The treatment duration was 35 days. Sperm samples were collected from the caudal region of the epididymis post-euthanasia to assess the total mean sperm count, sperm viability, motility, DNA damage, and morphology. Testicular tissue was employed to quantify total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, while serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were analyzed. Additionally, various aspects, including testicular histopathology, oxidative enzyme levels, gene expression related to apoptosis and antiapoptotic pathways, and in vivo fertility index, were evaluated after 35 days. The QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR groups showed less abnormal morphology and DNA damage, as well as better total and progressive sperm motility, motility characteristics, viability, and plasma membrane function compared to the PHZ group. QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR administration increased TAC, SOD, and GPx activities in testicular tissue, while reducing MDA levels compared to the PHZ group. Furthermore, QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR significantly reduced Bax, and caspase-3 expression levels, and increased Bcl-2 expression levels, compared to the PHZ group. Mice treated with QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR exhibited an increased in vivo fertility index and plasma sex hormone levels compared to the PHZ group. These results show that QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR might be able to improve the fertility index, boost the testicular antioxidant defense system, and control the death of germ cells. This could mean that they could be used to treat mice with PHZ-induced testicular damage.