Available evidence demonstrates that individuals with body-image disturbance (BID) are prone to suffer from depression. This systematic review provides, to our knowledge, the first synthesis of the psychological mechanism of the association between BID and depression. We conducted a thorough search of online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, for articles published up until February 2024. The final analysis comprised a total of 23 studies that focused on the mediating or moderating effects of psychological factors between depression and BID. This review identifies self-esteem and social support as both mediators and moderators of the relationship between BID and depression, while perceived stress acted only as a mediator. High self-esteem and strong social support as well as low levels of perceived stress may help individuals experience lower levels of BID, thereby contributing to a decreased likelihood of depression. Interventions aimed at increasing self-esteem, developing strong support, and decreasing perceived stress may hold promise to reduce the risk of depression in those with BID.

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OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) patients commonly face stress that causes severe psychological and physiological problems. The main objective of the review was to confirm the effect of interventions on breast cancer patients\' perceived stress, and the secondary objective was to explore the impact of interventions on anxiety, depression, and inflammatory markers.
METHODS: A systematic and comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported interventions\' effects on perceived stress in breast cancer patients was performed in nine databases.
RESULTS: Twenty-four RCTs, including 1887 participants, met the inclusion criteria, summarizing six categories for the intervention group: mindfulness and yoga, exercise, cognitive-behavioral stress management, self-regulation, relaxation training, and acupuncture. Compared with usual care or other types of care, mindfulness and yoga had excellent effects against perceived stress, anxiety, and depression; self-regulation could reduce perceived stress and anxiety; exercise could reduce perceived stress; acupuncture could reduce the level of depression; mindfulness could improve the TNF-α level, and yoga can reduce the level of salivary cortisol and DNA damage.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicated that nondrug interventions, such as mindfulness and yoga, effectively reduce perceived stress, anxiety, and depression. Rigorous studies with large sample sizes are needed to address the limitations of small sample sizes and shortcomings in methodology in this area.

UNASSIGNED: Healthcare professionals are highly likely to experience various causes of work-related stress, which often leads to burnout. This became even more obvious during the Covid-19 pandemic. This systematic review aimed to analyze articles where psychological interventions with elements of mindfulness (PIM) were used to support healthcare professionals to foster well-being and reduce burnout levels. Compared to other recently published reviews, it is unique, due to its focus on a wide group of healthcare professionals, a broader selection of psychological interventions, and the evaluation of any sustained effects.
UNASSIGNED: Systematic searches were carried out in February 2021 with different combinations of Boolean operators within six electronic databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, Cochrane Library, JSTOR and Cobiss. We included articles that had been published in the last ten years (2011 to 2021) and which reported on original research focused on evaluating the influence of PIM on healthcare professionals. MERSQI was used to assess the quality of the included studies.
UNASSIGNED: Of 1315 identified studies, 15 were included in this systematic review. Regardless of the specific type, duration and setting (individual vs group) of PIM applied, the results demonstrated a positive impact on well-being and burnout in participating healthcare professionals. The most studied interventions involved MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction) and other mindfulness training programmes, in online as well as in-person versions.
UNASSIGNED: Given the new reality with the presence of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, it is of the utmost importance to offer feasible, effective interventions for burnout reduction to vulnerable groups of healthcare professionals. By focusing on their needs, several key aspects of burnout and mindfulness could be efficiently improved; this review demonstrates that short, online interventions could be as effective as longer, in-person ones.

Stress is a public health disease that is increasing rapidly in the population worldwide, so it is necessary to take measures for detection and evaluation, through short scales. The purpose of the study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample made up of 752 people with an age range of 18 to 62 years (M = 30.18, DE = 10.175), of whom 44% (331) were women and 56% (421) men, from Lima, Peru. The results, by means of confirmatory factor analysis and the Rasch model, confirmed the global adjustment of a 12-item (PSS-12) version with the presence of two orthogonal factors independent of each other, and also demonstrated the metric equivalence according to gender and adequate internal consistency. These results allow us to recommend the use of the PSS-12 in the Peruvian population for the measurement of stress.

This review systematically examined the associations between chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in children, and the potential modification effects of type, measurement period and scales of chronic stress, child age and sex, hair length and HCC measurement method, characteristics of study site, and congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC.
Pubmed, Wed of Science, and APA PsycINFO were systematically searched for articles examining the association between chronic stress and HCC.
Thirteen studies from five countries with 1,455 participants were included in the systematic review and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that chronic stress was associated with HCC (pooled-r = 0.09, 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.16). Stratified analyses revealed that type, measurement time and scales of chronic stress, hair length and measurement method of HCC, and the congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC modified such correlations. The positive correlations between chronic stress and HCC were significant for studies measuring chronic stress as stressful life events, assessing chronic stress within the past six months, extracting HCC from 1 cm, 3 cm, or 6 cm of hair, measuring HCC by LC-MS/MS, or having congruence between time periods measured for chronic stress and HCC. The potential modifying effects of sex and country developmental status could not be concluded due to the limited number of studies included.
Chronic stress was positively correlated with HCC, varying by characteristics and measurements of chronic stress and HCC. HCC could be a biomarker for chronic stress among children.

UNASSIGNED: Remarkable evidence indicates that psychological stress is significantly associated with stroke. However, a uniform recommendation to identify and alleviate poststroke psychological stress responses and improve postmorbid outcomes is not currently available. Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the types of poststroke psychological stress, measurement tools, contributing factors, and outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, WanFangData, and CQVIP from database inception to November 2021. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included in this research. Quality assessment was performed based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.
UNASSIGNED: Eighteen quantitative, peer-reviewed studies were included for analysis. Selected articles mainly investigated perceived stress and posttraumatic stress disorder after stroke. We classified the contributing factors into four categories: sociodemographic factors, clinical disease factors, psychological factors, and behavioral and lifestyle factors. The postmorbid outcomes were divided into three categories: clinical disease outcomes, psychological outcomes, and behavioral and quality of life outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: Compared to common patients, stroke survivors with the following characteristics suffered an increased psychological stress response: younger age, the presence of caregivers, depression, unsuitable coping strategies, etc. Meanwhile, lower quality of life, worse drug compliance, worse functional independence, and more severe mental disorders were significantly associated with increased psychological stress symptoms. Further studies are required to provide more trustworthy and meaningful references for mitigating the damage caused by psychological stress after stroke.

Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of psychological interventions to foster resilience. However, little is known about whether the cultural context in which resilience interventions are implemented affects their efficacy on mental health. Studies performed in Western (k = 175) and Eastern countries (k = 46) regarding different aspects of interventions (setting, mode of delivery, target population, underlying theoretical approach, duration, control group design) and their efficacy on resilience, anxiety, depressive symptoms, quality of life, perceived stress, and social support were compared. Interventions in Eastern countries were longer in duration and tended to be more often conducted in group settings with a focus on family caregivers. We found evidence for larger effect sizes of resilience interventions in Eastern countries for improving resilience (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28 to 0.67; p < 0.0001; 43 studies; 6248 participants; I2 = 97.4%). Intercultural differences should receive more attention in resilience intervention research. Future studies could directly compare interventions in different cultural contexts to explain possible underlying causes for differences in their efficacy on mental health outcomes.

The aim of this study was to synthesize quantitative research that identified ranking lists of the most severe stressors of patients in the intensive care unit, as perceived by patients, relatives, and health care professionals (HCP). We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from 1989 to 15 May 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive and semi-quantitative methods to yield summarizing ranking lists of the most severe stressors. We synthesized the results of 42 prospective cross-sectional observational studies from different international regions. All investigations had assessed patient ratings. Thirteen studies also measured HCP ratings, and four studies included ratings of relatives. Data indicated that patients rate the severity of stressors lower than HCPs and relatives do. Out of all ranking lists, we extracted 137 stressor items that were most frequently ranked among the most severe stressors. After allocation to four domains, a group of clinical ICU experts sorted these stressors with good to excellent agreement according to their stress levels. Our results may contribute to improve HCPs\' and relatives\' understanding of patients\' perceptions of stressors in the ICU. The synthesized stressor rankings can be used for the development of new assessment instruments of stressors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect nature exposure has on stress as measured by physiologic markers and self-report.
METHODS: Researchers searched PubMed and JSTOR. Randomized control trials and cross-sectional studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) included a clinical cohort and controls, and the intervention was nature exposure, either real or simulated; (2) utilized measurements of sympathetic activity or perceived stress; (3) study population consisted of greater than thirty male and female volunteers. Twelve studies were included for data extraction and review.
METHODS: Researchers conducted this review at University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine.
METHODS: Researchers measured perceived stress through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Physiologic stress was measured by salivary cortisol, blood pressure (BP), subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC) activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), muscle tension, heart period, pulse transit time, amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) activation on fMRI, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pre-ejection period (PEP).
RESULTS: This review found an inverse relationship between nature exposure and various physiologic markers of stress in all 7 studies measuring physiologic stress. Perceived stress was also affected by higher exposure to nature as indicated by lower self-reports on the PSS and DASS in 5 out of 6 studies measuring perceived stress.
CONCLUSIONS: Nature exposure has been widely shown to have a positive effect in reducing stress, both perceived and physiologic.