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OBJECTIVE: Tumor of follicular infundibulum (TFI) has been described as a neoplasm - isolated and multiple - and in association with other lesions. Its histopathologic definition is controversial.
METHODS: We present a histopathologically analyzed series of 28 patients with TFI features. This has been supplemented by a search in MEDLINE on the literature on this subject. The corresponding figures given in these articles have been discussed and analyzed.
RESULTS: Patients comprised 16 women and twelve men. TFI features were seen in five patients with nevus sebaceous, two trichofolliculomas, one dilated pore Winer, eight viral warts, one dermatofibroma, six seborrheic keratoses, three actinic keratoses, one invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and one basal cell carcinoma in association with a squamous cell carcinoma/actinic keratosis. After study of the literature especially of solitary cases of TFI, we interpret such cases mostly as variants of seborrheic keratoses with variable degree of infundibular, isthmic and/or sebaceous differentiation with or without regression.
CONCLUSIONS: We regard TFI as an epithelial growth pattern which may occur in hamartomatous, inflammatory, infectious, reactive, or neoplastic conditions, in most solitary forms likely best classified within the histopathological spectrum of seborrheic keratoses.

Poliosis is defined as the absence of melanin in hair, and hair graying typically occurs with hair melanin reduction. Poliosis can occur at any age but presents in childhood in certain genetic and acquired conditions, with many families seeking evaluation from a pediatric dermatologist. Poliosis presents as white hair typically restricted to a certain location of the scalp. Children may also present with a reduction of expected hair pigmentation, referred to as pigment dilution, or the development of hair graying. This review aims to provide a streamlined diagnostic approach for pediatric dermatologists when presented with these hair findings. Poliosis should be recognized as a potential diagnostic feature or initial sign in many syndromes and thus can guide clinicians in diagnosing and managing conditions earlier in a patient\'s care. Since many of the genetic and acquired conditions that present with poliosis or hair pigment dilution have extracutaneous manifestations, early diagnosis is vital in establishing multidisciplinary care.

BACKGROUND: To report the presentation, diagnostic process, management and results of cochlear implantation of patients diagnosed with Bjornstad syndrome with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).
UNASSIGNED: A retrospective report of two siblings with Bjornstad syndrome suffering profound SNHL unresponsive to conventional hearing aids treated with bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation.
METHODS: Tertiary-referral center.
RESULTS: Cochlear implant surgeries of two siblings (four ears) with profound SNHL and bilateral inner ear anomaly (incomplete partition type 1) were performed without complications. Postoperative audiometric measurements showed a significiant improvement in pure-tone threshold and a word recognition score. In the literature review, no previous case of Bjornstad syndrome treated with cochlear implantation has been reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear implantation is an effective, safe, and ultimate treatment option for Bjornstad syndrome with profound SNHL not responding to hearing aids.

Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare tumor arising from the hair follicle matrix cells most commonly seen in the head and neck region. Also known as \"calcified epithelial carcinoma of Melherbe,\" it was first reported in 1980 by Lopansri and Mihm. Since then till date to the best of our knowledge only around 125 cases were reported in literature, of which only 11 cases were reported to arise from histologically proven areas of previous pilomatrixoma which is the benign variant. One such case is being reported here along with the review of literature. A 50-year-old man presented with a swelling in the nape of his neck since 6 months, which was gradually increasing in size. He had a history of similar swelling at the same site 18 months back for which he underwent a surgery at a center outside. Final histopathology report was suggestive of pilomatrixoma with negative margin. Wide local excision of the tumor with 3 cm margin, placement of surgical clips followed by a primary closure was done. The final histopathology report is suggestive of pilomatrix carcinoma. The patient has no recurrence in 6 months follow-up. The differential diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma should be considered in cases of recurrent skin tumors. Wide local excision is the preferred treatment. Re-excision should be done in margin positive cases and cases where simple excision was done due to improper preoperative diagnosis. Due to the rarity of the disease, adjuvant treatment is not properly defined.

BACKGROUND: Hair diseases may present with hair loss, hirsutism, hair melanin abnormalities and other manifestations. Hair follicles are known as mini-organs that undergo periodic remodeling, and their constant regeneration in vivo reflects interesting anti-aging functions. Telomerase prevents cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but its excessive proliferation in cancer cells may also induce cancer. However, the effects of telomerase in hair growth have rarely been reported.
METHODS: In this study, we reviewed the role of telomerase in hair growth and the effects of hair disorders through literature search and analysis.
RESULTS: There is growing evidence that telomerase plays an important role in maintaining hair follicle function and proliferation. Changes in telomerase levels in hair follicles have also been found in a variety of hair disorders.
CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase plays a positive role in hair growth and is expected to become a new target for the treatment of alopecia or other hair diseases in the future.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted our society in numerous ways. So far (November 2022) around 640 million SARS-CoV-2 infections have been confirmed worldwide. It is known that this disease has a main affection at the cardiopulmonary level, however, it affects almost all the organs and systems of the body, including the skin. Post-COVID-19 syndrome occurs in some patients, leaving significant sequelae that impact their quality of life. Among the most common sequelae are: cough, dyspnea, chronic fatigue, hyposmia and dysosmia. In addition to these, other sequelae not related to respiratory syndrome have been reported, such as hair loss, which has been observed in around 20% of post-COVID-19 patients, this could be attributable to acute telogen effluvium (TE). To date, no study has been conducted to determine the relationship of ET in those who have had COVID-19. Acute ET is defined as diffuse, non-scarring hair loss, usually self-limited, lasting for about 6 months. Within its etiology, severe systemic febrile illness, pregnancy, restrictive diets, severe stress and various drugs have been described. It seriously affects the quality of life of patients and is often associated with loss of confidence and low self-esteem.
La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha impactado a nuestra sociedad en numerosos aspectos. Hasta el momento (noviembre 2022) se han confirmado alrededor de 640 millones de infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 en el mundo. Se sabe que esta enfermedad tiene afección principal a nivel cardiopulmonar, sin embargo, afecta casi todos los órganos y sistemas del cuerpo, entre ellos, la piel. El síndrome post-COVID-19 se presenta en algunos pacientes dejando secuelas significativas que impactan su calidad de vida. Entre las secuelas más comunes se encuentran: tos, disnea, fatiga crónica, hiposmia y disosmia. Además de estas se han presentado otras secuelas no relacionadas con el síndrome respiratorio, como la caída de pelo, que se ha observado en alrededor del 20% de los pacientes post-COVID-19, esto podría ser atribuible al efluvio telógeno (ET) agudo. Hasta la fecha, no se ha realizado ningún estudio para determinar la relación del ET en quienes han tenido COVID-19. El ET agudo se define como una pérdida de pelo difusa, no cicatrizal, generalmente autolimitada, con una duración de alrededor de 6 meses. Dentro de su etiología, se han descrito la enfermedad febril severa sistémica, el embarazo, las dietas restrictivas, el estrés severo y diversos fármacos. Afecta gravemente la calidad de vida de los pacientes y, a menudo, se asocia con pérdida de confianza y baja autoestima.

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Proliferating pilar tumors (PPTs) are rare cutaneous neoplasms arising from hair follicles that have both malignant and metastatic potential.
To present a systematic review of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment and outcome data on PPTs.
Using the OVID platform, MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception until May 26, 2022. All studies that provided original data on PPTs in English were included. References of these studies were also cross-checked to identify any additional relevant articles. Oxford\'s Levels of Evidence-Based Medicine was used for quality assessment.
A total of 114 articles, providing data on 361 cases of PPTs, were included in our synthesis. Every study included was either a case series or case report. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.7. Most patients in the synthesis were female (71%), and the majority of cases occurred on the scalp (73.1%). The presence or absence of cytological atypia was only reported in one-third of the cases; 36.8% of cases were classified as malignant and 7.5% metastasized. Although no lesions treated with Mohs micrographic surgery required adjuvant radiation and only one reported recurrence occurred after Mohs surgery, there is insufficient data to make conclusions on a superior treatment modality.
All studies in this review were either case reports or case series.
Our study supports the notion that PPTs occur most commonly on the scalp of elderly female patients. Moreover, our findings confirm that PPT is capable of demonstrating aggressive biology and metastasis. Given the lack of uniformity in histologic description, pathologists should be encouraged to comment on the presence and degree of cytological atypia when reporting cases of rare neoplasms such as the PPT. Greater consensus on diagnosis and classification as well as more robust data is needed regarding optimal management.