基因编辑(GnEd)涉及使用定点核酸酶在基因组中的靶向位置处引入双链断裂(DSB)。对GnEd在动物中用于农业应用进行了文献检索。数据是从212篇同行评审的文章中提取的,这些文章描述了使用GnEd技术用于农业目的的至少一种活体动物的生产。报道的最常见的GnEd系统是CRISPR/Cas9,并且最常见的编辑类型是由导致敲除(KO)突变的靶向DSB的修复导致的非引导插入或缺失。综述论文中包括的动物组是反刍动物(牛,绵羊,山羊,n=63);单一胃病(猪和兔,n=60);禽(鸡,鸭子,鹌鹑,n=17);水生(许多物种,n=65),和昆虫(蜜蜂,蚕,n=7)。收益率(32%),其次是繁殖(21%)和抗病性(17%)是最常见的目标性状。超过一半的审阅论文具有中国第一作者身份。几个国家,包括阿根廷,澳大利亚,巴西,哥伦比亚和日本,采取了一项监管政策,认为在GnEdDSB修复后引入的KO突变类似于自然遗传变异,因此,对这些GnEd动物的治疗类似于使用常规育种生产的动物。这种方法导致了对少量GnEd食用动物应用的非转基因测定,包括三种GnEdKO快速生长的鱼,(红鳗鱼,日本的橄榄比目鱼和虎河豚),阿根廷和巴西的KO鱼和牛,和哥伦比亚的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)病毒抗病KO猪。
Gene editing (GnEd) involves using a site-directed nuclease to introduce a double-strand break (DSB) at a targeted location in the genome. A literature search was performed on the use of GnEd in animals for agricultural applications. Data was extracted from 212 peer-reviewed articles that described the production of at least one living animal employing GnEd technologies for agricultural purposes. The most common GnEd system reported was CRISPR/Cas9, and the most frequent type of edit was the unguided insertion or deletion resulting from the repair of the targeted DSB leading to a knock-out (KO) mutation. Animal groups included in the reviewed papers were ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, n=63); monogastrics (pigs and rabbits, n=60); avian (chicken, duck, quail, n=17); aquatic (many species, n=65), and insects (honeybee, silkworm, n=7). Yield (32%), followed by reproduction (21%) and disease resistance (17%) were the most commonly targeted traits. Over half of the reviewed papers had Chinese first-authorship. Several countries, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia and Japan, have adopted a regulatory policy that considers KO mutations introduced following GnEd DSB repair as akin to natural genetic variation, and therefore treat these GnEd animals analogously to those produced using conventional breeding. This approach has resulted in a non-GMO determination for a small number of GnEd food animal applications, including three species of GnEd KO fast-growing fish, (red sea bream, olive flounder and tiger pufferfish in Japan), KO fish and cattle in Argentina and Brazil, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus disease-resistant KO pigs in Colombia.