Abstract：
Astaxanthin is a valuable orange-red carotenoid with wide applications in agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals areas. At present, the biological synthesis of astaxanthin mainly relies on Haematococcus pluvialis and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. With the rapid development of synthetic biology, more recombinant microbial hosts have been genetically constructed for astaxanthin production including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica. As multiple genes (15) were involved in the astaxanthin synthesis, it is particularly important to adopt different strategies to balance the metabolic flow towards the astaxanthin synthesis. Furthermore, astaxanthin is a fat-soluble compound stored intracellularly, hence efficient extraction methods are also essential for the economical production of astaxanthin. Several efficient and green extraction methods of astaxanthin have been reported in recent years, including the superfluid extraction, ionic liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. Accordingly, this review will comprehensively introduce the advances on the astaxanthin production and extraction by using different microbial hosts and strategies to improve the astaxanthin synthesis and extraction efficiency.
摘要：
虾青素是一种有价值的橙红色类胡萝卜素，在农业中具有广泛的应用。食物,化妆品,制药和营养食品领域。目前,虾青素的生物合成主要依靠雨生红球藻和枝状叶黄素菌。随着合成生物学的迅速发展,更多的重组微生物宿主已经被基因构建用于虾青素生产，包括大肠杆菌，酿酒酵母和解脂耶氏酵母。由于多个基因（15）参与虾青素的合成，采用不同的策略来平衡虾青素合成的代谢流尤为重要。此外，虾青素是一种储存在细胞内的脂溶性化合物，因此，有效的提取方法对于虾青素的经济生产也是必不可少的。近年来报道了几种高效绿色提取虾青素的方法,包括超流体提取，离子液体萃取和微波辅助萃取。因此，本文将全面介绍利用不同的微生物宿主和提高虾青素合成和提取效率的策略在虾青素生产和提取方面的研究进展。
