背景:生物电信号,无论是外源性的还是内源性的,在生物体的生命过程中起着至关重要的作用。最近,生物电在牙科领域的重要性正在稳步获得更多的关注。
目的:这篇叙述性综述旨在全面概述该理论,生理效应,以及生物电在牙科医学中的实际应用,并对其潜在的未来方向提供见解。它试图为牙科临床医生和研究人员提供电生理学观点,以增强他们的临床实践或基础研究工作。
方法:在PubMed,WebofScience和Cochrane图书馆,关键词是“生物电”,内源性电信号,电刺激,牙科医学。\"
结果:最终,有288份文件供审查。细胞膜内部和外部之间的离子浓度变化,称为跨膜电位,构成生物电的基本基础。跨膜电位已被确立为细胞间通讯的重要调节因子,机械传导,迁移,扩散,和免疫反应。因此,外源性电刺激可通过影响跨膜电位显著改变细胞活动。在牙科医学领域,电刺激已被证明对评估牙髓状况有用,定位根尖,改善牙科生物材料的性能,加快正畸牙齿移动,促进植入物骨整合,治疗颌面部恶性肿瘤,管理神经肌肉功能障碍。此外,生物电信号的重新编程有望成为指导生物体发育和干预疾病过程的一种手段。此外,未来,开发高通量电生理工具对于识别离子通道靶标和精确调节生物电至关重要。
结论:生物电已在牙科医学的各种概念中得到应用,标准化,随机对照临床试验在未来仍有必要。此外,精确的,可重复和可预测的生物电信号模式的测量和调制方法是重要的研究方向。
BACKGROUND: Bioelectric signals, whether exogenous or endogenous, play crucial roles in the life processes of organisms. Recently, the significance of bioelectricity in the field of dentistry is steadily gaining greater attention.
OBJECTIVE: This narrative
review aims to comprehensively outline the theory, physiological effects, and practical applications of bioelectricity in dental medicine and to offer insights into its potential future direction. It attempts to provide dental clinicians and researchers with an electrophysiological perspective to enhance their clinical practice or fundamental research endeavors.
METHODS: An online computer search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, with the keywords \"bioelectricity, endogenous electric signal, electric stimulation, dental medicine.\"
RESULTS: Eventually, 288 documents were included for
review. The variance in ion concentration between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane, referred to as transmembrane potential, forms the fundamental basis of bioelectricity. Transmembrane potential has been established as an essential regulator of intercellular communication, mechanotransduction, migration, proliferation, and immune responses. Thus, exogenous electric stimulation can significantly alter cellular action by affecting transmembrane potential. In the field of dental medicine, electric stimulation has proven useful for assessing pulp condition, locating root apices, improving the properties of dental biomaterials, expediting orthodontic tooth movement, facilitating implant osteointegration, addressing maxillofacial malignancies, and managing neuromuscular dysfunction. Furthermore, the reprogramming of bioelectric signals holds promise as a means to guide organism development and intervene in disease processes. Besides, the development of high-throughput electrophysiological tools will be imperative for identifying ion channel targets and precisely modulating bioelectricity in the future.
CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectricity has found application in various concepts of dental medicine but large-scale, standardized, randomized controlled clinical trials are still necessary in the future. In addition, the precise, repeatable and predictable measurement and modulation methods of bioelectric signal patterns are essential research direction.