PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other \"classical\" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
摘要：
谷氨酸是中枢神经系统中最丰富的兴奋性氨基酸。使用谷氨酸作为神经递质的神经元可以通过囊泡谷氨酸转运蛋白(VGLUTs)来表征。在这三种亚型中，VGLUT3是独一无二的，与其他“经典”神经递质共同定位，如抑制性GABA。谷氨酸,由VGLUT3操纵，可以调节包装以及其他神经递质的释放，并通过其从躯体和树突中释放来充当逆行信号。它对感官过程的贡献(包括看，听力,和机械感觉)是很好的特征。然而,它在学习和记忆中的参与只能基于其突出的海马存在来假设。尽管在海马中可以检测到表达VGLUT3的神经元，大多数海马VGLUT3阳性可以在神经末梢发现，大概来自中锋。这种海马谷氨酸能网络在几个重要过程中起着关键作用(例如，学习和记忆，情感,癫痫,心血管调节)。来自解剖学研究和KO小鼠品系的间接信息表明，局部VGLUT3阳性海马神经元以及这些事件的影响。然而,利用更具体的工具进行进一步的研究(例如，Cre-老鼠,光遗传学和化学遗传学)需要证实这些假设。
