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Abstract：
Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived from stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the human brain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. With emerging technologies, its application is various, including disease modeling and drug screening. A variety of experimental methods have been used to study structural and molecular characteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiological analysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristics and complexity. Although electrophysiological approaches have rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, there are some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neural network characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analytical methods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics of brain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understanding of brain organoids allows us to overcome limitations of monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deep insights into the neural network complex of the real human brain and new ways of disease modeling. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 311-317].
摘要：
脑类器官是源自干细胞的三维（3D）组织，例如反映真实人脑结构的诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）胚胎干细胞（ESC）。它复制了人类大脑的复杂性和发展，能够在体外研究人脑。随着新兴技术,它的应用是多种多样的，包括疾病建模和药物筛选。多种实验方法已用于研究脑类器官的结构和分子特征。然而,电生理分析是必要的，以了解其功能特征和复杂性。尽管单层细胞的电生理学方法已经迅速发展，由于缺乏3D特性，在研究电生理和神经网络特性方面存在一些局限性。在这里，本文综述了与脑类器官的神经复杂性和3D特征相关的电生理测量和分析方法。总的来说,脑类器官的电生理学理解使我们能够克服单层体外细胞培养模型的局限性，提供对真实人脑的神经网络复合体的深刻见解和疾病建模的新方法。
