PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Biogeography has been linked to differences in gut microbiota in several animals. However, the existence of such a relationship in fish is not clear yet. So far, it seems to depend on the fish species studied. However, most studies of fish gut microbiotas are based on single populations. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of fish from three wild populations of the two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) to determine whether its diversity, structure and potential functionality reflect the geographic origin of the fish, at large and small geographical scale. Additionally, we explored the host- and environmental-related factors explaining this relationship.
RESULTS: We showed that the taxonomy and potential functionality of the mucosa-associated gut microbiota of Diplodus vulgaris differ to varying degrees depending on the spatial scale considered. At large scale, we observed that both the taxonomical structure and the potential functionality of the fish microbiota differed significantly between populations. In contrast, the taxonomical diversity of the microbial community displayed a significant relationship with factors other than the geographic origin of the fish (i.e. sampling date). On the other hand, at small scale, the different composition and diversity of the microbiota differ according to the characteristics of the habitat occupied by the fish. Specifically, we identified the presence of Posidonia oceanica in the benthic habitat as predictor of both the microbiota composition and diversity. Lastly, we reported the enrichment of functions related to the metabolism of xenobiotics (i.e. drugs and 4-aminobenzoate) in a population and we indicated it as a potential target of future monitoring.
CONCLUSIONS: With this study, we confirmed the importance of investigating the gut microbiota of wild fish species using multiple populations, taking into account the different habitats occupied by the individuals. Furthermore, we underscored the use of the biodegradation potential of the gut microbiota as an alternative means of monitoring emerging contaminants in Mediterranean fish.
RESULTS: We showed that the taxonomy and potential functionality of the mucosa-associated gut microbiota of Diplodus vulgaris differ to varying degrees depending on the spatial scale considered. At large scale, we observed that both the taxonomical structure and the potential functionality of the fish microbiota differed significantly between populations. In contrast, the taxonomical diversity of the microbial community displayed a significant relationship with factors other than the geographic origin of the fish (i.e. sampling date). On the other hand, at small scale, the different composition and diversity of the microbiota differ according to the characteristics of the habitat occupied by the fish. Specifically, we identified the presence of Posidonia oceanica in the benthic habitat as predictor of both the microbiota composition and diversity. Lastly, we reported the enrichment of functions related to the metabolism of xenobiotics (i.e. drugs and 4-aminobenzoate) in a population and we indicated it as a potential target of future monitoring.
CONCLUSIONS: With this study, we confirmed the importance of investigating the gut microbiota of wild fish species using multiple populations, taking into account the different habitats occupied by the individuals. Furthermore, we underscored the use of the biodegradation potential of the gut microbiota as an alternative means of monitoring emerging contaminants in Mediterranean fish.
摘要：
背景：生物地理学与几种动物肠道微生物群的差异有关。然而,这种关系在鱼类中的存在尚不清楚。到目前为止,这似乎取决于所研究的鱼类。然而,大多数对鱼肠微生物的研究都是基于单一种群。在这项研究中,我们调查了来自两个带的鱼群的三个野生种群的鱼类的肠道微生物群（GeoffroySaint-Hilaire，1817)以确定其多样性，结构和潜在功能反映了鱼类的地理起源，在大的和小的地理范围。此外,我们探讨了解释这种关系的主机和环境相关因素。
结果：我们表明，根据所考虑的空间尺度，寻常型Diplodus的粘膜相关肠道微生物群的分类学和潜在功能不同。在大规模，我们观察到鱼类微生物群的分类结构和潜在功能在种群之间存在显着差异。相比之下,微生物群落的分类多样性与鱼类的地理起源（即采样日期）以外的因素存在显着关系。另一方面,小规模,微生物群的不同组成和多样性根据鱼类占据的栖息地的特点而不同。具体来说,我们确定底栖栖息地中Possidoniaoceanica的存在是微生物群组成和多样性的预测因子。最后,我们报道了一个群体中与外源性物质(即药物和4-氨基苯甲酸盐)代谢相关的功能的富集,并指出它是未来监测的潜在目标.
结论：通过这项研究，我们证实了使用多个种群调查野生鱼类的肠道微生物群的重要性，考虑到个人占据的不同栖息地。此外，我们强调了使用肠道微生物群的生物降解潜力作为监测地中海鱼类中新兴污染物的替代手段。
结果：我们表明，根据所考虑的空间尺度，寻常型Diplodus的粘膜相关肠道微生物群的分类学和潜在功能不同。在大规模，我们观察到鱼类微生物群的分类结构和潜在功能在种群之间存在显着差异。相比之下,微生物群落的分类多样性与鱼类的地理起源（即采样日期）以外的因素存在显着关系。另一方面,小规模,微生物群的不同组成和多样性根据鱼类占据的栖息地的特点而不同。具体来说,我们确定底栖栖息地中Possidoniaoceanica的存在是微生物群组成和多样性的预测因子。最后,我们报道了一个群体中与外源性物质(即药物和4-氨基苯甲酸盐)代谢相关的功能的富集,并指出它是未来监测的潜在目标.
结论：通过这项研究，我们证实了使用多个种群调查野生鱼类的肠道微生物群的重要性，考虑到个人占据的不同栖息地。此外，我们强调了使用肠道微生物群的生物降解潜力作为监测地中海鱼类中新兴污染物的替代手段。
