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Abstract：
Background: Non-marital romantic relationship dissolutions (RRDs) are common among emerging adult students (EAS) and may result in severe distress and suicidality. However, studies on RRDs in youth are limited to mental health sequelae of depression and prolonged grief. Little is known about the association between RRDs and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and how this compares to posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatogenic event.Objective: We aimed to determine the association between RRDs and PTSS in an EAS sample; and how this compared to the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition (DSM-5) traumatic event.Method: University students (N = 2,022; female = 71.1%; 18-25 years) completed a demographic and relationship questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist, the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire, and the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist (PCL). We compared EAS with an RRD (n = 886) or a DSM-5 criterion A traumatic event (n = 592) against a control group (n = 544) exposed to a non-traumatic stressful life event. Utilising ANOVAs and Pearson\'s correlations we determined demographic and clinical variables associated with PTSS. ANCOVA and stepwise hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine between-group differences in PTSS.Results: Total trauma exposure and adverse childhood experiences, sex, monthly income, sexual orientation, and attachment style were significantly associated with PTSS. The RRD group had significantly higher PCL scores compared to the DSM and control groups. The mean PCL scores for both the RRD and DSM groups were above the cut-off score of 33, consistent with a probable posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis. Significantly more RRD participants (72.9%) scored above the cut-off score of 33 than DSM-5 Trauma Group participants (55.4%).Conclusion: An RRD is a potentially traumatic event and is significantly associated with PTSS, similar to a posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis.
Students may experience non-marital romantic relationship breakups as very painful, with various negative psychological, physical, and academic consequences. However, their painful experiences are often trivialised as something to ‘just get over’ and not acknowledged as potentially traumatic. Yet, using an attachment theory framework, breakups can be reconceptualised as subjectively traumatic.We explored the differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms of students who experienced a breakup, a traumatic event (as defined in psychiatry), and other non-traumatic life events. Students who experienced a breakup reported significantly highly posttraumatic stress symptoms.Acknowledging students’ pain following a self-defined traumatic breakup can increase help-seeking behaviour and reduce the risk of intergenerational attachment trauma. Our findings warrant further research of breakups as potentially traumatogenic events.
Students may experience non-marital romantic relationship breakups as very painful, with various negative psychological, physical, and academic consequences. However, their painful experiences are often trivialised as something to ‘just get over’ and not acknowledged as potentially traumatic. Yet, using an attachment theory framework, breakups can be reconceptualised as subjectively traumatic.We explored the differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms of students who experienced a breakup, a traumatic event (as defined in psychiatry), and other non-traumatic life events. Students who experienced a breakup reported significantly highly posttraumatic stress symptoms.Acknowledging students’ pain following a self-defined traumatic breakup can increase help-seeking behaviour and reduce the risk of intergenerational attachment trauma. Our findings warrant further research of breakups as potentially traumatogenic events.
摘要：
背景：非婚姻浪漫关系破裂（RRD）在新兴成年学生（EAS）中很常见，可能会导致严重的痛苦和自杀。然而,对青少年RRD的研究仅限于抑郁和长期悲伤的心理健康后遗症。关于RRD和创伤后应激症状(PTSS)之间的关系知之甚少，以及这与创伤事件后的创伤后应激症状相比。目的：我们旨在确定EAS样本中RRD和PTSS之间的关联；以及如何将其与创伤后应激症状与诊断和统计手册第5版（DSM-5）创伤事件之间的关联进行比较。方法：大学生（N=2,022;女性=71.1％;18-25岁）完成了人口统计和关系问卷，生活事件清单,不良童年经历问卷，和创伤后应激清单（PCL）。我们将EAS与RRD（n=886）或DSM-5标准A创伤性事件（n=592）与暴露于非创伤性压力生活事件的对照组（n=544）进行了比较。利用方差分析和皮尔逊相关性，我们确定了与PTSS相关的人口统计学和临床变量。使用ANCOVA和逐步分层回归分析来确定PTSS的组间差异。结果：总的创伤暴露和不良的童年经历，性别,月收入,性取向,依恋方式与PTSS显著相关。与DSM和对照组相比，RRD组的PCL评分明显更高。RRD和DSM组的平均PCL评分均高于33分的临界值，与可能的创伤后应激障碍诊断一致。与DSM-5创伤组参与者（55.4％）相比，RRD参与者（72.9％）的得分明显高于33分。结论：RRD是一种潜在的创伤性事件，与PTSS显著相关。类似于创伤后应激障碍的诊断。
学生可能会经历非婚姻的浪漫关系破裂，非常痛苦，伴随着各种消极的心理，物理，和学术后果。然而,他们的痛苦经历往往被视为“刚刚过去”的事情，而不是被认为是潜在的创伤。然而，使用依恋理论框架，分手可以被重新概念化为主观创伤。我们探索了经历分手的学生在创伤后应激症状上的差异，创伤事件（如精神病学中定义的），和其他非创伤性生活事件。经历分手的学生报告了严重的创伤后应激症状。承认学生在自我定义的创伤性分手后的痛苦可以增加寻求帮助的行为，并降低代际依恋创伤的风险。我们的发现值得进一步研究分手作为潜在的创伤事件。
学生可能会经历非婚姻的浪漫关系破裂，非常痛苦，伴随着各种消极的心理，物理，和学术后果。然而,他们的痛苦经历往往被视为“刚刚过去”的事情，而不是被认为是潜在的创伤。然而，使用依恋理论框架，分手可以被重新概念化为主观创伤。我们探索了经历分手的学生在创伤后应激症状上的差异，创伤事件（如精神病学中定义的），和其他非创伤性生活事件。经历分手的学生报告了严重的创伤后应激症状。承认学生在自我定义的创伤性分手后的痛苦可以增加寻求帮助的行为，并降低代际依恋创伤的风险。我们的发现值得进一步研究分手作为潜在的创伤事件。
