背景:可乐定是一种中枢作用的抗肾上腺素能药物,可用于创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),尤其是睡眠。目的:在这篇系统综述中,我们旨在总结可乐定对睡眠质量和持续时间的影响,噩梦,以及患有PTSD的成年人的PTSD症状严重程度。方法:PubMed(Medline),Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL,直到2023年4月,对clinicaltrials.gov进行了搜索。关于成人PTSD患者使用可乐定的研究报告了对睡眠的影响,噩梦,并包括PTSD症状。对研究结果进行了叙述性总结和荟萃分析。结果:十份报告,占N=569名PTSD患者(可乐定145名,对照组436名),包括在最终选择中。有四例病例报告,四项观察性研究,一项非盲临床试验,和一项交叉随机对照试验(RCT)。可乐定的中位剂量为0.15mg/天(范围:0.1-0.5mg/天)。中位随访时间为31天(范围:3天至19个月)。证据的质量从很低到很低。个别研究存在明显的研究间异质性和低功率,但是许多人报告说睡眠质量有所改善,噩梦减少,并改善接受可乐定治疗的患者的PTSD症状。荟萃分析仅适用于两项报告可乐定对噩梦的影响的研究,并且显示与比较器(即哌唑嗪或特拉唑嗪)没有差异(比值比:1.16;95%置信区间:0.66至2.05),可能指向这些药物之间的非劣效性。结论:未来的研究,比如动力良好的RCT,需要确定在较低剂量范围内的疗效和最合适的治疗组,并获得关于可乐定治疗与PTSD相关的睡眠障碍的有效证据。
创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)与过度觉醒和睡眠障碍有关,反映肾上腺素能神经系统的参与。在PTSD中使用抗肾上腺素能药物靶向交感神经激活是合理的。然而,以前关于哌唑嗪的报道,外周作用剂,提供了微弱的证据。可乐定,中枢肾上腺素能拮抗剂,显示出改善睡眠的希望,噩梦,和创伤后应激障碍症状,但由于目前证据的质量较低,还需要进一步的研究.
Background: Clonidine is a centrally acting anti-adrenergic agent that may have applications in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly for sleep.Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the effect of clonidine on sleep quality and duration, nightmares, and PTSD symptom severity in adults with PTSD.Method: PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to April 2023. Studies on clonidine use in adult PTSD patients reporting data on the effect on sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms were included. A narrative summary and a meta-analysis of the study findings are presented.Results: Ten reports, accounting for N = 569 patients with PTSD (145 on clonidine and 436 controls), were included in the final selection. There were four case reports, four observational studies, one non-blind clinical trial, and one crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT). Median clonidine dose was 0.15 mg/day (range: 0.1-0.5 mg/day). Median follow-up time was 31 days (range: 3 days to 19 months). The quality of the evidence was rated from very low to low. There was marked between-study heterogeneity and low power in the individual studies, but many reported improved sleep quality, nightmare reduction, and improvement of PTSD symptoms for patients treated with clonidine. Meta-analysis was only possible for two studies reporting the effect of clonidine on nightmares, and showed no difference from the comparator (i.e. prazosin or terazosin) (odds ratio: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 2.05), potentially pointing towards non-inferiority between these medications.Conclusions: Future research, such as well-powered RCTs, is needed to identify the efficacy in the lower dose range and the most suitable treatment group, and to obtain good evidence on the effects of clonidine in the treatment of sleep disorders related to PTSD.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hyperarousal and sleep disorders, reflecting adrenergic nervous system involvement.The use of anti-adrenergic drugs to target the sympathetic activation in PTSD is rational. However, previous reports on prazosin, a peripherally acting agent, yielded weak evidence.Clonidine, a central adrenergic antagonist, shows promise in improving sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms, but further research is needed because the quality of the current evidence is low.