■据报道,土地利用和气候变化的变化会减少环境和人类微生物群的生物多样性。生物多样性的这些减少可能导致免疫调节回路的刺激不足和不平衡,最终,临床疾病,比如哮喘和过敏。
■我们总结了关于内在(肠道,皮肤,和气道)和外部(空气,土壤,天然水域,植物,和动物)哮喘发展过程中的生物多样性层,喘息,和过敏致敏。
■我们在SciVerseScopus进行了系统的搜索,PubMedMEDLINE,和WebofScience直到2024年3月5日,以确定相关的人类研究,评估生物多样性的内部和外部层与哮喘风险之间的关系,喘息,或过敏致敏。该协议在PROSPERO(CRD42022381725)中注册。
■总共筛选了2,419项研究,在排除和447项研究的全文回顾之后,82项研究被纳入综合研究,最后审查。29项研究报道了外层生物多样性在哮喘发展中的保护作用,喘息,或过敏致敏。还有16项研究表明外层生物多样性对增加哮喘的影响,喘息,或过敏致敏。然而,没有明确的证据表明内层生物多样性在哮喘发展中的作用,喘息,和过敏性致敏(13项研究报告了保护作用,15项研究报告了风险增加的证据).
■根据文献综述,未来的系统评价可以更具体地关注外层生物多样性和哮喘.与内层生物多样性的关联不太可能有足够的证据进行系统审查。基于这一全面审查,有必要进行基于人群的纵向研究,以确定生命过程中进入成年期的关键暴露期,并更好地了解将环境暴露与微生物组组成变化联系起来的机制,多样性,和/或功能发展为哮喘和过敏性致敏。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13948.
UNASSIGNED: Changes in land use and climate change have been reported to reduce biodiversity of both the environment and human microbiota. These reductions in biodiversity may lead to inadequate and unbalanced stimulation of immunoregulatory circuits and, ultimately, to clinical diseases, such as asthma and allergies.
UNASSIGNED: We summarized available empirical evidence on the role of inner (gut, skin, and airways) and outer (air, soil, natural waters, plants, and animals) layers of biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, and allergic sensitization.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a systematic search in SciVerse Scopus, PubMed MEDLINE, and Web of Science up to 5 March 2024 to identify relevant human studies assessing the relationships between inner and outer layers of biodiversity and the risk of asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022381725).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 2,419 studies were screened and, after exclusions and a full-text
review of 447 studies, 82 studies were included in the comprehensive, final
review. Twenty-nine studies reported a protective effect of outer layer biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. There were also 16 studies suggesting an effect of outer layer biodiversity on increasing asthma, wheezing, or allergic sensitization. However, there was no clear evidence on the role of inner layer biodiversity in the development of asthma, wheezing, and allergic sensitization (13 studies reported a protective effect and 15 reported evidence of an increased risk).
UNASSIGNED: Based on the reviewed literature, a future systematic
review could focus more specifically on outer layer biodiversity and asthma. It is unlikely that association with inner layer biodiversity would have enough evidence for systematic
review. Based on this comprehensive
review, there is a need for population-based longitudinal studies to identify critical periods of exposure in the life course into adulthood and to better understand mechanisms linking environmental exposures and changes in microbiome composition, diversity, and/or function to development of asthma and allergic sensitization. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13948.