背景:当前的当地食物环境鼓励不良饮食,对公众和地球健康构成重大威胁。承认和解决其固有的复杂性对于对食品环境进行有意义的改善至关重要。使用与当地利益相关者的参与性方法,这项研究旨在深入了解当地食物环境的潜在因素和机制,并确定杠杆点和基于系统的行动,以促进健康和可持续的当地食物环境。
方法:2022年在荷兰的一个城市使用了系统思维方法。与社区利益相关者(例如,当地决策者、零售商和居民)。在第一次研讨会期间(2022年6月),通过因果循环图(CLD)确定并可视化了影响当地食物环境的因素和机制。在第二次研讨会期间,利益相关者确定了改善粮食环境的杠杆点和基于系统的行动。四个月后(2022年10月),组织了一次行动执行会议,以促进选定行动的执行。第二次讲习班后6个月和12个月,通过简短的电话采访监测了进展情况。
结果:CLD从社区利益相关者的角度可视化影响当地食品环境的因素和机制。CLD由46个塑造当地食物环境的因素组成,它们被分为四个确定的子系统:社会因素,个人,社会经济因素,商业因素和政治因素。在CLD中确定了八个杠杆点,例如,\'食品行业的游说者\',“政府食品政策”和“电子商务和平台经济”。利益相关者针对已确定的杠杆点制定了20项行动。在行动执行会议期间,为五项行动制定了长期计划。一年后,只有一名参与者(政策咨询角色)仍然积极参与其中三项行动。
结论:这项研究深入了解了当地食物环境的众多因素和机制,并确定了当地利益相关者认为的基于系统的行动,以改善当地的食物环境。CLD为利益相关者提供了在改善食品环境时采用系统方法的宝贵见解。更多的研究是必要的,特别是实施以系统为导向的行动以改善当地粮食环境的长期过程和效果。
BACKGROUND: Current local food environments encourage poor diets, posing a significant threat to public and planetary health. Acknowledging and addressing its inherent complexity is vital to making meaningful improvements to the food environment. Using a participatory approach with local stakeholders, this study aims to gain insight into the factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and to identify leverage points and system-based actions to foster healthy and sustainable local food environments.
METHODS: A systems-thinking approach was used in a Dutch municipality in 2022. Two group model building (GMB) workshops were held with community stakeholders (e.g. local policymakers, retailers and residents). During the first workshop (June 2022), factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment were identified and visualized through a causal loop diagram (CLD). During the second workshop, leverage points and system-based actions to improve food environments were identified by the stakeholders. Four months after (October 2022), an action-implementation meeting was organized to stimulate the implementation of selected actions. Progress was monitored through brief telephone interviews 6 and 12 months after the second workshop.
RESULTS: The CLD visualises the factors and mechanisms influencing the local food environment from the point of view of the community stakeholders. The CLD consists of 46 factors shaping the local food environment, which were categorized into four identified subsystems: societal factors, individual, socio-economic factors, commercial factors and political factors. Eight leverage points were identified within the CLD, for example, \'lobby from food industry\', \'governmental food policies\' and \'e-commerce and platform economy\'. Stakeholders formulated 20 actions targeting the identified leverage points. During the action-implementation meeting, long-term plans were created for five actions. After 1 year, only one participant (policy advisory role) remained actively engaged in three of these actions.
CONCLUSIONS: This study yields insight into the numerous factors and mechanisms underlying the local food environment and identified system-based actions as perceived by local stakeholders to improve this food environment locally. The CLD offers stakeholders valuable insights on employing a systems approach when enhancing food environments. More research is necessary, especially into the long-term processes and effects of implementing system-oriented actions to improve local food environments.