本文的目的是解释和评估墨西哥食品饮食和身体活动指南(FBDG)的开发过程。FBDG是由11名国家专家组成的部门间和跨学科委员会在11名外部顾问的投入下制定的。代表的部门是研究和学术机构,卫生部,一个非政府组织。基于证据的过程包括以下内容:当地的文献综述,国家,和国际证据;审查墨西哥人口的饮食模式;主要的国家和国际建议;以及审查其他国家的FBDG和视觉图标。该指南报告遵循了生命周期社会生态模型,该模型植根于对墨西哥营养不良的流行病学和根本原因的深刻理解。这些准则总结在10个预先测试的主要建议中,包括,超越,简单地促进健康和多样化的饮食,包括新鲜水果的消费,蔬菜,豆类,和全谷物,保持热量需求并保持活跃。指南强烈强调健康的烹饪习惯,与家人和朋友一起享受美食,饮用水,避免食用含糖饮料,谷物甜点,和高度加工的食品。还包括针对不同群体的详细指南(根据年龄和生理状况)。墨西哥FBDG的一个创新方面是纳入了2岁以下儿童的饮食指导。这些指南的未来版本应考虑消除对膳食胆固醇和总膳食脂肪的重视,并更多地关注用健康油代替饱和脂肪和反式脂肪。国家议程的制定过程,政策衔接,在解决全国肥胖流行的背景下,墨西哥FBDG的实施应该通过循证的镜头来启动和正式评估,公共营养复杂适应系统。
The objective of this article is to explain the process of the development of and to assess the Mexican food-based dietary and physical activity
guidelines (FBDGs). The FBDGs were developed by an intersectoral and interdisciplinary committee of 11 national experts with input from 11 external advisors. The sectors represented were research and academic institutions, the Ministry of Health, and a nongovernmental organization. The evidence-based process included the following: literature reviews of local, national, and international evidence; review of dietary patterns of the Mexican population; key national and international recommendations; and review of FBDGs and visual icons from other countries. The
guidelines\' report follows the life-course socioecological model rooted in a deep understanding of the epidemiology and underlying causes of malnutrition in Mexico. The
guidelines are summarized in 10 pretested main recommendations that include, and go beyond, simply promoting the consumption of a healthy and varied diet that includes fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains and staying within caloric needs and staying active. The guidelines strongly emphasize healthy cooking habits, enjoyable meals with family and friends, drinking water, and avoiding the consumption of sweetened beverages, grain-based desserts, and highly processed foods. Detailed
guidelines specific to different groups (on the basis of age and physiologic status) are also included. An innovative aspect of the Mexican FBDGs is the inclusion of dietary guidance of children <2 y of age. Future editions of these
guidelines should consider removing their emphasis on dietary cholesterol and total dietary fat and placing more attention on the substitution of saturated and trans fats with healthy oils. The process of national agenda setting, policy articulation, and implementation of the Mexican FBDGs in the context of addressing the national obesity epidemic deserves to be initiated and formally assessed through the lens of evidence-based, public nutrition complex adaptive systems.