真菌是感染所有类型的家禽和农民的病原体,导致家禽生产的经济损失。真菌可以从环境样品中分离出来,并且在空气中无处不在。本研究旨在评估国内鸭养殖场环境中的真菌污染,并分析与真菌感染发生率相关的生物安全风险因素,以评估养殖场对真菌感染的脆弱性。平均真菌浓度在空气中为203菌落形成单位(CFU)/m3,在壁面样品中为365×103CFU/m2。从19个养鸭场的空气和墙面样本中回收了16个真菌属,最常分离的是曲霉(空气:43.2%;壁面:40%)。11个额外的真菌属(Acrophialophora,Bysochlamys,镰刀菌,Lichtheimia,拟青霉,青霉,多头菌,Rhizomucor,龙须菜,Talaromyces,和嗜热曲霉)从空气样品中分离出来。此外,8个额外的真菌属(Chaetomium,Lichtheimia,青霉,Petriella,Rhizomucor,根霉,Talaromyces,和Trichosporon)从壁表面样品中分离出来。家禽养殖场的特点(地理区域,放养密度,种房型,附属公司,鸭子年龄,和季节)以及空气和墙面样品中的真菌浓度进行了分析,以评估农场的生物安全风险。真菌感染受到高放养密度(>2只鸭/m2)的显著影响,鸭龄(18-25周和>60周),和壁表面样品中的高真菌浓度(>300×103CFU/m2)。
Fungi are pathogens that infect all types of poultry and farmers, leading to economic losses in poultry production. Fungi can be isolated from environmental samples and are ubiquitous in the air. This study aimed to evaluate fungal contamination in domestic duck farm environments and analyze biosecurity risk factors associated with fungal infection incidence to assess the vulnerability of the farms to fungal infection. The average fungal concentration was 203 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 in the air and 365 × 103 CFU/m2 in the wall surface samples. Sixteen fungal genera were recovered from air and wall surface samples from 19 duck-breeding farms, Aspergillus being the most frequently isolated (air: 43.2%; wall surface: 40%). Eleven additional fungal genera (Acrophialophora, Byssochlamys, Fusarium, Lichtheimia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Polycephalomyces, Rhizomucor, Scopulariopsis, Talaromyces, and Thermoascus) were isolated from air samples. Also, 8 additional fungal genera (Chaetomium, Lichtheimia, Penicillium, Petriella, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Talaromyces, and Trichosporon) were isolated from wall surface samples. The characteristics of the poultry farms (geographic region, stocking density, breeding house type, affiliate, duck age, and season) and fungal concentrations in the air and wall surface samples were analyzed to evaluate the biosecurity risk of the farms. Fungal infections were significantly affected by high stocking density (>2 ducks/m2), duck age (18-25 wk and >60 wk), and high fungal concentration in the wall surface samples (>300 × 103 CFU/m2).