Abstract：
This review analyzes the occurrence and co-exposure of aflatoxins and fumonisins in conventional and organic corn, and compares the vulnerability to contamination of both. The risks of fungal contamination in corn are real, mainly by the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium, producers of aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively. Aflatoxins, especially AFB1, are related to a high incidence of liver cancer, and the International Agency Research of Cancer (IARC) classified them in group 1A \'carcinogenic to humans\'. The occurrence in conventional corn is reported in many countries, including at higher levels than those established by legislation. IARC classified fumonisins in group 2B \'possibly carcinogenic to humans\' due to their link with incidence of esophageal cancer. However, comparing corn and organic and conventional by-products from different regions, different results are observed. The co-occurrence of both mycotoxins is a worldwide problem; nevertheless, there is little data on the comparison of the co-exposure of these mycotoxins in corn and derivatives between both systems. It was found that the agricultural system is not a decisive factor in the final contamination, indicating the necessity of effective strategies to reduce contamination and co-exposure at levels that do not pose health risks.
摘要：
这篇综述分析了黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素在常规和有机玉米中的发生和共同暴露，并比较了两者对污染的脆弱性。玉米中真菌污染的风险是真实的，主要由曲霉属和镰刀菌属组成，黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素的生产者，分别。黄曲霉毒素,尤其是AFB1，与肝癌的高发有关，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将它们归类为1A组“对人类致癌”。许多国家都报道了常规玉米的发生，包括比立法规定的级别更高的级别。IARC将伏马菌素归类为2B组，“可能对人类致癌”，因为它们与食管癌的发病率有关。然而,比较不同地区的玉米和有机和常规副产品，观察到不同的结果。两种霉菌毒素的同时出现是一个世界性的问题；尽管如此，关于两种系统之间玉米和衍生物中这些霉菌毒素的共暴露的比较数据很少。发现农业系统不是最终污染的决定性因素，指出需要采取有效的策略来减少污染和共同暴露，使其达到不构成健康风险的水平。
