Background: As armed conflict grows increasingly complex, the involvement of children in armed violence across diverse roles is rising. Consequently, military personnel are more likely to encounter children during deployment. However, little is known about deployment-related encounters with children and their impact on the mental health of military personnel and Veterans.Objective: This study qualitatively examines the nature and impacts of deployment-related encounters with children.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 Canadian Armed Forces Veterans, eliciting rich information on the nature of child encounters on deployment, the psycho-social-spiritual impacts of these encounters, and perceptions of support. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Six primary themes were identified: types of encounters (i.e. factual aspects of deployment-related encounters with children), contextual factors (i.e. aspects of the mission, environment, and personal context relevant to one\'s experience of the encounter), appraisals of encounters (i.e. sensory or sense-making experiences relevant to the encounter), impacts of encounters (i.e. psycho-social, existential, and occupational impacts), coping strategies engaged in both during and after deployment, and support experiences, describing both formal and informal sources of support.Conclusions: Encounters with children are diverse and highly stressful, resulting in impacts pertinent to mental health, including psychological and moral distress, and difficulties with identity, spirituality, and relationships. These impacts are prompted by complex interactions among appraisals, expectations of morality, cultural norms, and professional duties and are amplified by various personal factors (e.g. childhood maltreatment history, parenthood), feelings of unpreparedness, and lack of post-deployment support. Implications for prevention, intervention, and policy are discussed with the aim of informing future efforts to safeguard and support military personnel facing a high likelihood of encounters with children.
Deployment-related encounters with children result in diverse impacts, including psychological and moral distress, along with disruptions in identity, spirituality, and interpersonal relationships.Encounters with children during military deployments are diverse and highly stressful, characterized by complex interactions among appraisals and expectations of morality, cultural norms, and professional duties.Emphasis on feeling unprepared for encounters with children highlights the need for future efforts to safeguard and support military personnel facing such situations.

Stressor-related disorders are a growing issue for both the individual and the organizations. The aim of the study was to analyze the strategies used by nurse managers to face crises. A systematic review of the literature, including qualitative studies was performed. Data were analyzed using framework-based synthesis and summarized into domains. Quality was evaluated using the JBI QARI Checklist. 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was based on interviews, followed by questionnaires and focus groups. Good communication, organizational commitment and emotional support were the principal domains. Institutions should support nurse managers to cope with stress and make suggestions for adaptations.

We assessed prevalence and correlates of differential maternal-infant bonding (i.e., experiencing a stronger bond with one baby vs. the other) in mothers of twins, focusing on aspects of maternal mental health, well-being, and pregnancy/birth that have been previously linked with maternal-infant bonding. Participants (N = 108 American women, 88.89% White, 82.41% non-Hispanic, aged 18-45, who gave birth to twins in the past 6-24 weeks) were recruited from postpartum support websites. Participants completed a Qualtrics survey assessing pregnancy/birth history, symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep, stress, romantic relationship satisfaction, and postpartum bonding. Twenty-six participants (24.07%) reported a bonding discrepancy. These participants endorsed higher symptoms of depression and anxiety, lower relationship satisfaction, lower average postpartum bonding, higher general and parenting stress, and longer pregnancy (all ps > .05). Greater degree of bonding discrepancy correlated with more depression, higher parenting stress, longer pregnancy, and lower relationship satisfaction (all ps > .05). Mothers of twins may benefit from postpartum mental health support, stress management strategies, and interventions to improve bonding. Future work should assess the role of breastfeeding difficulties, delivery method, birth-related trauma, infant regulatory capacity, and temperament. Longitudinal studies will help test cause and effect and potential long-term repercussions of maternal-infant bonding discrepancies.
Evaluamos la prevalencia y factores correlacionados del apego afectivo diferencial materno‐infantil (v.g. experimentar un apego más fuerte con un bebé vs. el otro) en madres de gemelos, enfocándonos en aspectos de salud mental materna, bienestar, así como el embarazo/parto que previamente han sido relacionadas con la afectividad materno‐infantil. A las participantes (N = 108 mujeres estadounidenses, 88.89% blancas, 82.41% no hispanas, de 18‐45 años, que dieron a luz gemelos en las pasadas 6‐24 semanas) se les reclutó de los sitios de apoyo posterior al parto en la red. Las participantes completaron una encuesta Qualtrics para evaluar el historial de embarazo/parto, los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, el sueño, el estrés, la satisfacción con la relación romántica, así como la afectividad posterior al parto. Veintiséis participantes (24.07%) reportaron discrepancia en el apego afectivo. Estas participantes confirmaron síntomas más altos de depresión y ansiedad, más baja satisfacción en la relación, más bajo promedio de apego afectivo posterior al parto, más alto estrés general y de crianza, así como un más largo embarazo (todos los ps > .05). Un mayor grado de discrepancia en el apego afectivo se relacionó con más depresión, un más alto estrés de crianza, un más largo embarazo, así como una más baja satisfacción en la relación (todos los ps > .05). Las madres de gemelos pudieran beneficiarse de un apoyo de salud mental posterior al parto, estrategias de cómo arreglárselas con el estrés e intervenciones para mejorar el apego afectivo. El trabajo futuro debe evaluar el papel de las dificultades de amamantar, el método usado para dar a luz, el trauma relacionado con el nacimiento, la capacidad regulatoria del infante y el temperamento. Estudios longitudinales ayudarán a poner a prueba la causa y el efecto las potenciales repercusiones a largo plazo de las discrepancias en el apego afectivo materno‐infantil.
Nous avons évalué la prévalence et les corrélats du lien maternel‐bébé différentiel (c\'est‐à‐dire qui font l\'expérience d\'un lien plus fort avec un bébé par rapport à l\'autre) chez les mères de jumeaux ou jumelles, en mettant l\'accent sur les aspects de la santé mentale maternelle, le bien‐être et la grossesse/naissance ayant précédemment été liés au lien maternel‐bébé. Les participantes (N = 108 femmes américaines, 88,89% blanches, 82,41% non‐latinas, âgées de 18‐45 ans, ayant donné naissance à des jumeaux ou jumelles dans les 6‐24 semaines précédentes) ont été recrutées à partir de sites internet de soutien postpartum. Les participantes ont rempli un questionnaire Qualtrics évaluant la grossesse/l\'histoire de la naissance, les symptômes de dépression et d\'anxiété, le sommeil, le stress, la satisfaction de la relation amoureuse et le lien postpartum. Vingt‐six participantes (24,07%) ont fait état d\'un écart du lien. Ces participantes ont fait état de plus de symptômes de dépression et d\'anxiété, d\'une satisfaction avec la relation plus basse, d\'un lien postpartum plus bas en moyenne, d\'un stress général et parental plus élevé, et d\'une grossesse plus longue (tout ps >,05). Un degré plus élevé d’écart du lien a correspondu à plus de dépression, un stress de parentage plus élevé, une grossesse plus longue et une satisfaction de la relation plus basse tous ps > ,05). Les mères de jumeaux ou jumelles peut tirer profit d\'un soutien en santé mentale postpartum, de stratégies de gestion du stress, et d\'interventions pour améliorer le lien. Dans le futur des recherches devraient évaluer le rôle de difficultés de l\'allaitement, la méthode d\'accouchement, le trauma lié à la naissance, la capacité régulatoire du bébé et son tempérament. Des études longitudinales permettront de tester la cause et l\'effet et les répercussions à long terme potentielle pour les écarts dans le lien maternel‐bébé.
Zwei Babys zwei Verbindungen: Häufigkeit und Korrelate der unterschiedlichen Mutter‐Kind‐Bindung bei Müttern von Zwillingen Wir untersuchten Prävalenz und Korrelate der differentiellen Mutter‐Kind‐Bindung (d.h. das Erleben einer stärkeren Bindung zu einem Baby im Vergleich zum anderen) bei Müttern von Zwillingen, wobei wir uns auf Aspekte der mütterlichen psychischen Gesundheit, des Wohlbefindens und der Schwangerschaft/Geburt konzentrierten – Faktoren, die zuvor mit der Mutter‐Kind‐Bindung in Verbindung gebracht worden waren. Die Teilnehmerinnen (N = 108 amerikanische Frauen, 88,89 % weiß, 82,41 % nicht‐hispanisch, im Alter von 18 bis 45 Jahren, die in den letzten 6 bis 24 Wochen Zwillinge zur Welt gebracht hatten) wurden über Websites zur Unterstützung nach der Geburt rekrutiert. Die Teilnehmerinnen füllten eine Qualtrics‐Umfrage aus, in der sie die Schwangerschafts‐/Geburtsgeschichte, Depressions‐ und Angstsymptome, Schlaf, Stress, Zufriedenheit in der Partnerschaft und die Bindung nach der Geburt beurteilten. Sechsundzwanzig Teilnehmerinnen (24,07 %) gaben eine Diskrepanz in der Bindung an. Diese Teilnehmerinnen gaben höhere Depressions‐ und Angstsymptome, geringere Zufriedenheit in der Paarbeziehung, eine durchschnittlich schwächere Bindung nach der Geburt, einen höheren allgemeinen und elterlichen Stress sowie eine längere Schwangerschaft an (alle ps > .05). Ein höheres Maß an Bindungsdiskrepanz korrelierte mit schwererer Depression, höherem elterlichem Stress, längerer Schwangerschaft und geringerer Zufriedenheit in der Paarbeziehung (alle ps > .05). Mütter von Zwillingen könnten von postpartaler psychischer Unterstützung, Stressbewältigungsstrategien und Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Bindung profitieren. Zukünftige Forschung sollte die Rolle von Stillschwierigkeiten, der Entbindungsmethode, geburtsbedingtem Trauma, kindlicher Regulationsfähigkeit und Temperament untersuchen. Längsschnittstudien werden dazu beitragen, Ursache und Wirkung sowie mögliche langfristige Auswirkungen von Diskrepanzen in der Mutter‐Kind‐Bindung zu untersuchen.
2人の赤ちゃん、2つの絆: 双子の母親における個々の母‐子ボンディングの頻度と相関 私達は、双子の母親における母子の絆の差(例えば、一方の赤ちゃんと他方の赤ちゃんとより強い絆を経験すること)の有病率と相関を、母親の精神保健、幸福度、妊娠・出産といった、これまでに母子の絆と関連があるとされてきた因子に焦点を当てて評価した。参加者(N = 108人のアメリカ人女性、88.89％が白人、82.41％が非ヒスパニック、年齢18～45歳、過去6～24週間に双子を出産)は、産後支援サイトから募集された。参加者は、妊娠・出産歴、抑うつや不安の症状、睡眠、ストレス、恋愛関係の満足度、産後の絆を評価するQualtrics調査に回答した。26人の参加者(24.07％)がボンディングの不一致を報告した。これらの参加者は、抑うつと不安の症状が強く、恋愛関係の満足度が低く、産後の絆の平均が低く、一般的ストレスと育児ストレスが高く、妊娠期間が長いことを支持した(すべてps > 0.05)。絆の不一致の程度が大きいほど、抑うつの訴えが多く、育児ストレスが高く、妊娠期間が長く、関係満足度が低かった(すべてps>0.05)。双子の母親は、産後のメンタルヘルスサポート、ストレス管理戦略、絆を改善するための介入から恩恵を受ける可能性がある。今後の研究では、母乳育児困難、分娩方法、出産に関連したトラウマ、乳児の調節能力、および気質の役割を評価すべきである。縦断的研究は、母児のボンディングの不一致の因果関係や長期的な影響の可能性を検証するのに役立つであろう。.
我们评估了双胞胎母亲中不同母婴关系(即与一个婴儿的关系比另一个婴儿的关系更牢固)的普遍性和相关因素, 重点关注了先前证实与母婴关系相关的母亲心理健康、幸福感、怀孕或分娩等方面的问题。参与者(N = 108名美国女性, 其中88.89%为白人, 82.41%为非西班牙裔, 年龄介于18至45岁之间, 在过去6至24周内生下双胞胎)是从产后支持网站招募的。 参与者完成了一项Qualtrics调查, 评估怀孕或分娩史、抑郁和焦虑症状、睡眠、压力、恋爱关系满意度和产后关系。有26名参与者 (24.07%) 报告了关系差异。这些参与者表现出更高的抑郁和焦虑症状, 较低的关系满意度, 较低的平均产后联系情况, 较高的一般压力和育儿压力, 以及更长的怀孕期(所有 ps > .05)。双胞胎的母亲可能会受益于产后心理健康支持、压力管理策略和改善关系的干预措施。未来的工作应评估母乳喂养困难、分娩方式、分娩相关创伤、婴儿调节能力和气质的作用。纵向研究将有助于测试母婴关系差异的因果关系以及潜在的长期影响。.
طفلان يعني رابطتان: التواتر والارتباطات بين تكوين الروابط المتباينة بين الأم والرضيع لدى أمهات التوائم قمنا بتقييم مدى انتشار وارتباط تكوين الروابط التفاضلية بين الأم والرضيع (أي الشعور بارتباط أقوى مع طفل واحد مقابل الآخر) لدى أمهات التوائم، مع التركيز على جوانب الصحة النفسية للأم والرفاهية والحمل/الولادة والتي كانت من ضمن العوامل التي وجد أنها مرتبطة سابقاً بتكوين الروابط بين الأم والرضيع. اشترك في الدراسة (العدد = 108 من السيدات الأمريكيات، 88.89% من البيض، 82.41% من غير اللاتينيين، الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18 و45 عامًا، والذين أنجبوا توائم خلال الأسابيع 6‐24 الماضية) وذلك من خلال مواقع دعم ما بعد الولادة. أكمل المشاركون استبيان Qualtrics لتقييم تاريخ الحمل/الولادة، وأعراض الاكتئاب والقلق، والنوم، والتوتر، والرضا عن العلاقة الرومانسية، والترابط بعد الولادة. أبلغ ستة وعشرون من المشاركات (24.07٪) عن وجود تباين في الترابط. أيد هؤلاء المشاركات ارتفاع أعراض الاكتئاب والقلق، وانخفاض الرضا عن العلاقة، وانخفاض متوسط الترابط بعد الولادة، وارتفاع الضغط العام والإجهاد الوالدي، وفترة الحمل الأطول. وارتبطت الدرجة الأكبر من التباين في الترابط بمزيد من الاكتئاب، وارتفاع ضغط التربية، وفترة الحمل الأطول، وانخفاض الرضا عن العلاقة. قد تستفيد أمهات التوائم من دعم الصحة النفسية بعد الولادة، واستراتيجيات إدارة التوتر، والتدخلات لتحسين الترابط. ويجب أن يقيم البحث المستقبلي دور صعوبات الرضاعة الطبيعية، وطريقة الولادة، والصدمات المرتبطة بالولادة، والقدرة التنظيمية للرضيع، ومزاجه. ستساعد الدراسات الطولية في استكشاف الأسباب والنتائج والتداعيات المحتملة طويلة المدى لتباين الترابط بين الأم والرضيع.

Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID-19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent-child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID-19 was associated with parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent-infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents\' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β = .805, p = .029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent-infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent-infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Individuos y progenitores en estado de embarazo experimentan elevados problemas de salud mental y estrés durante el COVID‐19. El estrés durante el embarazo puede ser dañino para el feto y perjudicial para la relación progenitor‐niño. Sin embargo, es sabido que el apoyo social actúa como un factor de protección, sirviendo como agente amortiguador contra los adversos efectos del estrés. El presente estudio longitudinal examinó si 1) el estrés prenatal durante el COVID‐19 se asociaba con la cercanía madre‐infante a los seis meses después del parto, y 2) el apoyo social moderaba el efecto del estrés prenatal en la relación madre‐infante. Un total de 181 participantes completaron cuestionarios durante el embarazo y a los seis meses después del parto. Un análisis de regresión lineal jerárquico se llevó a cabo para evaluar si el apoyo social moderaba el efecto del estrés durante el embarazo en cuanto a la cercanía progenitor‐infante a los seis meses después del parto. Los resultados indicaron una interacción significativa entre el estrés prenatal y el apoyo social sobre las percepciones que los progenitores tenían de la cercanía con sus infantes a los seis meses después del parto (β = .805, p = .029); los progenitores que experimentaron un alto estrés prenatal con un alto apoyo social reportaron una mayor cercanía progenitor‐infante, comparados con aquellos que reportaron altos niveles de estrés y bajo apoyo social. Los resultados subrayan la importancia del apoyo social para proteger la relación progenitor‐infante, particularmente en épocas de alto estés, tal como durante la pandemia del COVID‐19.
Les personnes enceintes et les parents font l\'expérience de plus grands problèmes de santé mentale et de plus de stress durant la crise du COVID‐19. Le stress durant la grossesse peut être néfaste pour le foetus et vient au détriment de la relation parent‐enfant. Cependant l\'on sait que le soutien social est un facteur de protection, faisant tampon face aux effets adverses du stress. Cette étude longitudinale a examiné si 1) le stress prénatal durant le COVID‐19 était lié à la proximité mère‐nourrisson à six mois postpartum, et 2) le soutien social a modéré l\'effet du stress prénatale sur la relation mère‐nourrisson. En tout 181 participants ont rempli des questionnaires durant la grossesse et à sic mois postpartum. Une analyse de régression linéaire hiérarchique a été faite pour évaluer si le soutien social a modéré l\'effet du stress durant la grossesse sur la proximité parent‐nourrisson à six mois postpartum. Les résultats ont indiqué une interaction importante entre le stress prénatal et le soutien social sur les perceptions des parents de la proximité avec leurs nourrissons à six mois postpartum (β = ,805, p = ,029); les parents qui ont fait l\'expérience d\'un stress prénatal élevé avec un soutien social élevé ont signalé une plus grande proximité parent‐nourrisson, comparé à ceux ayant signalé des niveaux de stress élevés et un faible soutien social. Les résultats soulignent l\'importance du soutien social dans la protection de la relation parent‐nourrisson, particulièrement en temps de stress élevé, comme durant la pandémie de COVID‐19.
Soziale Unterstützung federt die Auswirkung von Schwangerschaftsstress auf die Wahrnehmung der Nähe zwischen Eltern und Kind während der COVID‐19‐Pandemie ab Schwangere und Eltern leiden während COVID‐19 unter erhöhten psychischen Problemen und Stress. Stress während der Schwangerschaft kann für den Fötus schädlich sein und die Eltern‐Kind‐Beziehung beeinträchtigen. Es ist jedoch bekannt, dass soziale Unterstützung als Schutzfaktor wirkt und die negativen Auswirkungen von Stress abfedert. In der vorliegenden Längsschnittstudie wurde untersucht, ob 1) pränataler Stress während COVID‐19 sechs Monate nach der Geburt mit der Nähe zwischen Mutter und Kind zusammenhängt und 2) ob soziale Unterstützung den Effekt pränatalen Stresses auf die Mutter‐Kind‐Beziehung moderiert. Insgesamt füllten während der Schwangerschaft und sechs Monate nach der Geburt 181 Teilnehmerinnen Fragebögen aus. Es wurde eine hierarchische lineare Regressionsanalyse durchgeführt, um festzustellen, ob soziale Unterstützung den Effekt von Stress während der Schwangerschaft auf die Nähe zwischen Mutter und Kind sechs Monate nach der Geburt moderiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen pränatalem Stress und sozialer Unterstützung auf die Wahrnehmung der Eltern von Nähe zu ihren Kindern sechs Monate nach der Geburt (β = .805, p = .029); Eltern, die hohen pränatalen Stress mit hoher sozialer Unterstützung erlebten, berichteten von größerer Eltern‐Kind‐Nähe im Vergleich zu denen, die ein hohes Stressniveau und geringe soziale Unterstützung berichteten. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung sozialer Unterstützung für den Schutz der Eltern‐Kind‐Beziehung, insbesondere in Zeiten hohen Stresses, wie z. B. während der COVID‐19‐Pandemie.
流行期における親子間の親密さの認知に対する妊娠ストレスの影響の社会的支援による緩衝 COVID‐19の流行中、妊娠中の個人と親は、精神衛生上の問題とストレスの高まりを経験している。妊娠中のストレスは胎児に有害であり、親子関係にも悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある。しかし、社会的支援は保護因子として作用し、ストレスの悪影響を緩衝することが知られている。今回の縦断研究では、1)COVID‐19中の出生前ストレスが産後6ヵ月の母子密着度と関連するかどうか、2)社会的支援が出生前ストレスの母子関係への影響を緩和するかどうかを検討した。合計181名の参加者が、妊娠中と産後6ヶ月の時点でアンケートに回答した。社会的支援が妊娠中のストレスが産後6ヶ月の親子関係に及ぼす影響を緩和するかどうかを評価するために、階層的線形回帰分析を行った。その結果、出生前ストレスと社会的支援との間に、産後6ヵ月における両親の乳児との親密さの認識に対する有意な相互作用が示された(β = 0.805、p = 0.029);出生前ストレスが高く社会的支援が高いと報告された両親は、ストレスが高く社会的支援が低いと報告された両親に比べ、乳児との親密さが高いと報告された。特にCOVID‐19パンデミックのような高ストレス時には、親子関係を保護する社会的支援の重要性が強調された。.
在COVID‐19期间, 孕妇和父母会面临严重的心理健康问题和压力。 孕期压力可能对胎儿有害, 也不利于亲子关系。然而, 社会支持被认为是一种保护因素, 可以缓解压力带来的负面影响。这项纵向研究旨在探究以下两个问题:1)COVID‐19期间孕期压力是否与产后六个月母婴亲密程度存在关联, 2)社会支持是否调节了孕期压力对母婴关系的影响。总共有181名参与者完成了孕期和产后六个月的问卷调查。我们进行了分层线性回归分析, 以评估社会支持是否调节了孕期压力对产后六个月亲子亲密程度的影响。结果显示, 孕期压力和社会支持之间存在显著交互作用, 对父母在孩子六个月时感受到的亲密程度产生影响(β = .805, p = .029);与经历高压力但社会支持较低的父母相比, 经历高压力且拥有高社会支持的父母报告了更高的亲子亲密程度。研究结果强调了社会支持在保护亲子关系方面的重要性, 特别是在高压时期, 例如在COVID‐19大流行期间。.
دور الدعم الاجتماعي الوقائي في تخفيف أثر ضغوط الحمل على تصورات التقارب بين الوالدين والرضيع أثناء جائحة كوفيد‐19 يعاني الحوامل والآباء من مشاكل صحية نفسية مرتفعة وضغط نفسي خلال فترة انتشار فيروس كورونا. ويمكن أن يكون الإجهاد أثناء الحمل ضاراً بالجنين ويضر بالعلاقة بين الوالدين والطفل. ومع ذلك، من المعروف أن الدعم الاجتماعي يعمل كعامل وقائي، حيث يحمي من الآثار الضارة للتوتر. تناولت الدراسة الطولية الحالية ما إذا كان 1) الإجهاد العصبي والتوتر قبل الولادة أثناء كوفيد‐19 مرتبطاً بالتقارب بين الأم والرضيع بعد ستة أشهر من الولادة، و2) الدعم الاجتماعي يخفف من تأثير الإجهاد العصبي قبل الولادة على العلاقة بين الأم والرضيع. أكملت 181 مشاركة الاستبيانات أثناء الحمل وبعد ستة أشهر من الولادة. وتم إجراء تحليل الانحدار الخطي الهرمي لتقييم ما إذا كان الدعم الاجتماعي يخفف من تأثير الإجهاد أثناء الحمل على التقارب بين الوالدين والرضيع بعد ستة أشهر من الولادة. أشارت النتائج إلى وجود تفاعل كبير بين الإجهاد السابق للولادة والدعم الاجتماعي على تصورات الوالدين حول التقارب مع أطفالهم الرضع بعد ستة أشهر من الولادة p = .029)(β = .805, ؛ وأفاد الآباء الذين عانوا من ضغوط عالية قبل الولادة مع دعم اجتماعي مرتفع عن تقارب أكبر بين الوالدين والرضيع، مقارنة بأولئك الذين أبلغوا عن مستويات عالية من التوتر وانخفاض الدعم الاجتماعي. تؤكد النتائج على أهمية الدعم الاجتماعي في حماية العلاقة بين الوالدين والرضيع، خاصة في أوقات التوتر الشديد، مثل جائحة كوفيد‐19.

Background: Covering terror and catastrophes can be traumatic for journalists, potentially resulting in long-term impairment. This study investigated 10-year anniversary reactions among Norwegian journalists who covered the Oslo/Utöya terror incident in Norway, 2011.Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether level of traumatic exposure and support actions in 2011 were related to anniversary reactions and current psychological well-being in 2021. It also explored if magnitude of anniversary reactions was related to level of current well-being.Method: A cross-sectional survey was sent to journalists who still work within journalism, eight weeks after the 10-year anniversary (N = 200). Participants reported retrospectively on trauma exposure, ethical dilemmas and social support in 2011, as predictors, and attitude to media anniversary coverage, anniversary-related stress, and well-being, as outcome variables.Results: More ethical dilemmas in 2011 (r = .295, p < .001) were related to a larger degree of anniversary-related stress in 2021. Having received less workplace social support in 2011 was related to more stress reactions (r = -.196, p < .05), while the magnitude of overall traumatic exposure in 2011 was not related to stress. Social support also predicted a higher level of current well-being in 2021 (r = .381, p < .001). More severe anniversary-related stress symptoms were significantly associated with decreased level of current well-being (r = -.259, p < .001).Conclusion: Journalists can experience lasting consequences from demanding experiences at work, including fluctuating stress symptoms during incident anniversaries. It is crucial for both journalists and newsrooms to recognize and be aware of the potential impact of anniversaries on the well-being of those involved in the initial coverage.
In a cross-sectional study carried out in 2021, journalists who had faced more ethical dilemmas while covering terror in 2011 had more anniversary-related stress symptoms in 2021. A larger magnitude of overall traumatic exposure in 2011 was not related to stress reactions ten years later.Journalists who had received more workplace social support in 2011 had lower stress levels in 2021.Journalists who had received more support in 2011 had higher levels of current well-being in 2021.Journalists with lower levels of anniversary-related stress symptoms had higher current well-being.

Background: Cumulative exposure to violence can change the regulation of epigenetic and physiological markers. Although violence has been associated with accelerated cellular aging, little is known about associations with cardiac autonomic activity.Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of exposure to community and domestic violence (CDV) with vagal activity and epigenetic aging acceleration.Methods: A total of 86 adolescents (57% female) were evaluated and interviewed at two time-points in São Gonçalo (2014-2019), a Brazilian city with high levels of violence. Exposure to CDV was assessed in both time-points. GrimAge acceleration was calculated from saliva DNA methylation using Infinium HumanMethylation450K (Illumina) collected in the first assessment. Heart rate variability (HRV) was collected during two stress tasks at the second assessment.Results: The exposure to violence witnessed or directly experienced at home and in the community increased significantly (t = 4.87, p < .01) across two-time points, and males had reported higher violence exposure (t = 2.06, p = .043). Violence at 1st assessment was significantly associated with GrimAge acceleration (B = .039, p value = .043). Violence at both assessments were associated with HRV measured during the narration of the worst trauma (traumaHRV) (B = .009, p value = .039, and B = .007, p value = .024, 1st and 2nd assessment respectively). GrimAge acceleration was significantly associated with traumaHRV (B = .043, p value = .049), and HRV measured during a 3D roller coaster video (B = .061, p value = .024).Conclusions: We found relevant evidence that experiencing violence during adolescence is associated with epigenetic aging and stress-related vagal activity. Understanding these factors during this period could contribute to the development of early interventions for health promotion.HIGHLIGHTS Higher exposure to Community and domestic violence is associated with increased GrimAge acceleration.Higher GrimAge acceleration is associated with increased stress-related vagal activity.Exposure to community and domestic violence increased significantly over time.

Background: Stressful events during a pandemic are a major cause of serious health problems, such as burnout, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among health care workers (HCWs). During three years, HCWs, on the frontline to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, have been at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD. Regarding potential psychological interventions, Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR) is a structured, strongly recommended therapy based on its well-known efficacy in reducing PTSD symptoms and anxiety.Objectives: This study, designed as a trial within a cohort (TwiC), aims to 1) estimate the prevalence of depression, burnout and PTSD in a sample of HCWs after experiencing the COVID-19 emergency (cohort part) and 2) assess the efficacy and acceptability of \'EMDR + usual care\' for HCWs from the cohort who report significant psychological symptoms (trial part).Methods: The study, designed as a TwiC, consists of a prospective cohort study (n = 3000) with an embedded, pragmatic, randomized open-label superiority trial with two groups (n = 900). Participants included in the trial part are HCWs recruited for the cohort with significant symptoms on at least one psychological dimension (depression, burnout, PTSD) at baseline, 3 months or 6 months, determined by using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, and PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). The intervention consists of 12 separate EMDR sessions with a certified therapist. The control group receives usual care. The trial has three primary outcomes: changes in depression, burnout and PTSD scores from randomization to 6 months. All participants are followed up for 12 months.Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health burden it places on HCWs and assesses the effectiveness of EMDR as a psychological intervention.Trial registration NCT04570202.
Health care workers are at increased risk of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD following the COVID-19 pandemic.In this study, the effectiveness of EMDR in reducing depression, burnout and PTSD in health care workers exposed to COVID-19 is investigated.In this study, an original ‘trial within a cohort’ (TwiC) design that consists of a cohort study with an embedded pragmatic randomized trial is used.The study is fully web-based, including online screening, consent and assessments.

Background: Due to the job characteristics, firefighters are repeatedly exposed to trauma incidents. However, not all firefighters exhibit the same level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic growth (PTG). Despite this, few studies have looked into firefighters\' PTSD and PTG.Objective: This study identified subgroups of firefighters based on their PTSD and PTG levels, and investigated the influence of demographic factors and PTSD/PTG-related factors on latent class classification.Method: Latent profile analysis was used to examine the patterns of PTSD and PTG among 483 firefighters in South Korea. Using a cross-sectional design, demographic factors and job factors were examined as group covariates through a three-step approach. PTSD-related factors such as depression and suicide ideation, as well as PTG-related factors such as emotion-based response were analysed as differentiating factors.Results: Four classes were identified and named \'Low PTSD-low PTG (65.2%),\' \'Mid PTSD-mid PTG (15.5%),\' \'Low PTSD-high PTG (15.3%),\' and \'High PTSD-mid PTG (3.9%).\' The likelihood of belonging to the group with high trauma-related risks increased with more rotating shift work and years of service. The differentiating factors revealed differences based on the levels of PTSD and PTG in each group.Conclusions: 34.8% of firefighters experienced changes due to traumatic events while on the job, and some required serious attention. Modifiable job characteristics, such as the shift pattern, indirectly affected PTSD and PTG levels. Individual and job factors should be considered together when developing trauma interventions for firefighters.
Firefighters were classified into four groups based on their levels of PTSD and PTG. 65.2% of the participants belonged to the ‘Low PTSD-low PTG’ group.The shift pattern and years of service predicted the likelihood of group classification.This implies that, despite being frequently exposed to threatening events, not all firefighters experience trauma, and that job characteristics influence trauma-related vulnerabilities.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a common psychological stressor associated with multiple mental disorders. While CM is associated with vulnerability to depression and anxiety, little is known about the specific mechanism underlying this relationship.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) of healthy adults with CM and their relationships with depression and anxiety to provide biological evidence for the development of mental disorders in subjects with childhood trauma.Methods: The CM group included 40 healthy adults with CM. The non-CM group included 40 healthy adults without CM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were applied to the whole brain to assess WM differences between the two groups; post-hoc fibre tractography was used to characterise the developmental differences; and mediation analysis was used to assess the relationships among the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) results, DTI indices, and depression and anxiety scores.Results: Relative to the non-CM group, the CM group revealed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right posterior corona radiata (PCR-R), right anterior corona radiata (ACR-R), left super corona radiata (SCR-L), anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and right posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC-R). Additionally, shorter fibre bundles passed through the PCR-R, ACR-R, and ATR in the CM group compared with the non-CM group. Besides, the length of the ACR-R mediated the relationship between CM and trait anxiety.Conclusions: The alteration of white matter microstructure associated with childhood trauma in healthy adults may reflect biomarkers of childhood trauma. Besides, an alteration of WM microstructure in healthy adults with CM mediates the association between CM and trait anxiety, which may represent the vulnerability to developing mental disorders after childhood trauma experiences.
In this paper, we found specific alterations associated with CM in healthy adults, which may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and trait anxiety in later life.

OBJECTIVE: The experience of family caregivers after nursing home admission has received much less attention, probably because many caregivers experience an initial sense of initial emotional relief. However, for some caregivers nursing home admission is a stressor despite the reduced physical burden of caregiving. Caregiver distress following institutionalization has been related to the new burdens and challenges encountered in the nursing home. Ambivalence and guilt related to the institutionalization decision have been identified as sources of stress. Therefore, this study examined the effect of guilt and well-being on the perceived stress of family caregivers of institutionalized dependent persons.
METHODS: Two hundred and one family caregivers of institutionalized persons in a nursing home (La Rioja, Spain) participated. Perceived stress, caregiving guilt and subjective well-being, sociodemographic and caregiving-related variables were assessed. Linear regression analyses and correlations between variables were performed.
RESULTS: Guilt and five dimensions of well-being (anxiety, vitality, self-control and depression, except general health) significantly predicted stress (R2adj=.552 (F (6, 198)=41.71, P<.001)). The effect size was large (95% CI=.461).
CONCLUSIONS: Paying attention to family caregivers\' feelings of guilt during institutionalization is important. This will enable the design and implementation of psychosocial interventions that improve caregiver adjustment immediately after institutionalization.