嗜碱性粒细胞是最稀有的白细胞,但是它们在防御蠕虫方面具有重要作用,过敏性疾病,自身免疫性疾病,和一些癌症。多年来,由于缺乏适当的实验工具来研究嗜碱性粒细胞,其临床意义被忽视。嗜碱性粒细胞特异性抗体和动物模型的发展,随着基因组的进步,如单细胞转录组学,大大增强了我们对嗜碱性粒细胞生物学的理解。最近关于嗜碱性粒细胞的发现促使我们写了这篇评论,强调嗜碱性粒细胞发育途径。在它,我们按时间顺序检查了各种物种中嗜碱性粒细胞发育的步骤,这揭示了早于IgE的嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞在原始脊椎动物中不依赖IgE的调节作用的明显出现。然后,我们涵盖了成人骨髓中嗜碱性粒细胞发育的研究,比较小鼠和人类嗜碱性粒细胞,引入新鉴定的嗜碱性粒细胞祖细胞和成熟的嗜碱性粒细胞亚群,以及调节它们之间转换的转录因子。最后,我们讨论了组织驻留嗜碱性粒细胞的异质性,可能通过髓外造血发展。我们期望这篇综述将有助于从嗜碱性粒细胞发育和分化的复杂方面更深入地理解嗜碱性粒细胞生物学,为研究人员和临床医生提供有价值的见解。
Basophils are the rarest leukocytes, but they have essential roles in protection against helminths, allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. For years, the clinical significance of basophils has been neglected because of the lack of proper experimental tools to study them. The development of basophil-specific antibodies and animal models, along with genomic advances like single-cell transcriptomics, has greatly enhanced our understanding of
basophil biology. Recent discoveries regarding basophils prompted us to write this review, emphasizing the basophil developmental pathway. In it, we chronologically examine the steps of
basophil development in various species, which reveals the apparent advent of basophils predating IgE and basophil\'s IgE-independent regulatory role in primitive vertebrates. Then, we cover studies of
basophil development in adult bone marrow, and compare those of murine and human basophils, introducing newly identified
basophil progenitors and mature
basophil subsets, as well as the transcription factors that regulate the transitions between them. Last, we discuss the heterogeneity of tissue-resident basophils, which may develop through extramedullary hematopoiesis. We expect that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of basophil biology from the intricate aspects of
basophil development and differentiation, offering valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians.