背景:髓母细胞瘤(MDB)是恶性的,主要影响儿童的侵袭性脑肿瘤。14岁以下儿童的存活率约为72%,而对于15至39岁的人,这一比例约为78%。越来越多的证据表明,信号传导机制的失调和非编码RNA表观遗传学在这种疾病中起着关键作用。
方法:本研究对PubMed和Google等网站上的文章进行了电子搜索。当前的评论还使用了计算机数据库搜索和生物信息学分析以及广泛的综合文献检索原始研究文章和评论文章以及临床试验中当前和未来药物的检索。
结果:这项研究表明,比如SonicHedgehog,WNT/β-连环蛋白,未折叠蛋白反应介导的内质网应激,凹口,神经营养因子和TGF-β和ERK,MAPK,ERK在MDB的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。基因和ncRNA/蛋白也作为轴长ncRNA参与海绵micro-RNAs,影响下游信号蛋白的表达和翻译影响疾病的病理生理,预后并提出药物再利用的潜在目标。目前的治疗方案包括手术,辐射,和化疗;不幸的是,这种疾病经常复发,存活率低于5%。因此,需要开发更有效的治疗方法来对抗复发并提高生存率。
结论:这篇综述描述了各种MDB疾病的标志,包括病理生理学中涉及的信号机制,相关因果基因,表观遗传学,下游基因/表观基因,以及可能的致病基因/非蛋白质编码(nc)RNA/蛋白质轴。此外,讨论了与MDB治疗相关的挑战,以及如何使用纳米技术和纳米生物医学来解决这些问题,列出了可能的治疗方案和未来的潜在治疗方式。
Medulloblastomas (MDB) are malignant, aggressive brain tumors that primarily affect children. The survival rate for children under 14 is approximately 72%, while for ages 15 to 39, it is around 78%. A growing body of evidence suggests that dysregulation of signaling mechanisms and noncoding RNA epigenetics play a pivotal role in this disease.
This study conducted an electronic search of articles on websites like PubMed and Google. The current review also used an in silico databases search and bioinformatics analysis and an extensive comprehensive literature search for original research articles and review articles as well as retrieval of current and future medications in clinical trials.
This study indicates that several signaling pathways, such as sonic hedgehog, WNT/β-catenin, unfolded protein response mediated ER stress, notch, neurotrophins and TGF-β and ERK, MAPK, and ERK play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDB. Gene and ncRNA/protein are also involved as an axis long ncRNA to sponge micro-RNAs that affect downstream signal proteins expression and translation affection disease pathophysiology, prognosis and present potential target hit for drug repurposing. Current treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy; unfortunately, the disease often relapses, and the survival rate is less than 5%. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective treatments to combat recurrence and improve survival rates.
This review describes various MDB disease hallmarks, including the signaling mechanisms involved in pathophysiology, related-causal genes, epigenetics, downstream genes/epigenes, and possibly the causal disease genes/non-protein coding (nc)RNA/protein axis. Additionally, the challenges associated with MDB treatment are discussed, along with how they are being addressed using nano-technology and nano-biomedicine, with a listing of possible treatment options and future potential treatment modalities.