Abstract：
Aging refers to the gradual physiological changes that occur in an organism after reaching adulthood, resulting in senescence and a decline in biological functions, ultimately leading to death. Epidemiological evidence shows that aging is a driving factor in the developing of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, immune system disorders, cancer, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Natural plant polysaccharides have emerged as crucial food components in delaying the aging process. Therefore, it is essential to continuously investigate plant polysaccharides as potential sources of new pharmaceuticals for aging. Modern pharmacological research indicates that plant polysaccharides can exert antiaging effects by scavenging free radicals, increasing telomerase activity, regulating apoptosis, enhancing immunity, inhibiting glycosylation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction regulating gene expression, activating autophagy, and modulating gut microbiota. Moreover, the antiaging activity of plant polysaccharides is mediated by one or more signaling pathways, including IIS, mTOR, Nrf2, NF-κB, Sirtuin, p53, MAPK, and UPR signaling pathways. This review summarizes the antiaging properties of plant polysaccharides and signaling pathways participating in the polysaccharide-regulating aging process. Finally, we discuss the structure-activity relationships of antiaging polysaccharides.
摘要：
衰老是指生物体在成年后逐渐发生的生理变化，导致衰老和生物功能下降，最终导致死亡。流行病学证据表明，衰老是各种疾病发展的驱动因素，包括心血管疾病,神经退行性疾病，免疫系统紊乱,癌症,和慢性低度炎症。天然植物多糖已成为延缓衰老过程的关键食品成分。因此,必须不断研究植物多糖作为衰老新药的潜在来源。现代药理研究表明,植物多糖通过清除自由基发挥抗衰老作用,增加端粒酶活性，调节细胞凋亡，增强免疫力,抑制糖基化，改善线粒体功能障碍调节基因表达，激活自噬，和调节肠道微生物群。此外，植物多糖的抗衰老活性由一个或多个信号通路介导,包括IIS，mTOR,Nrf2,NF-κB,Sirtuin,p53,MAPK,和UPR信号通路。本文综述了植物多糖的抗衰老特性以及参与多糖调节衰老过程的信号通路。最后,我们讨论了抗衰老多糖的构效关系。
